Poorly Flashcards
Common diseases causing lingering death
Ovine Johne’s Disease
OJD Epi
OJD Clinical Signs
Diagnosis and Testing of OJD
Diagnostic methods OJD
Necropsy in OJD (Culture and histopath)
Culture to diagnose JD
Control OJD
Control of JD 2
Control: Vaccination OJD
OJD Vaccination effect on short-term mortality and flock prevalence
Vaccination: effect on long-term flock mortality
OJD Vaccination reduces shedding but…
With OJD, vaccination of wethers? Poor biosecurity?
Correct vaccination technique OJD
Difference in OJD to Cattle JD?
Doesn’t present with diarrhoea (necessarily)– mainly skinny, smaller proportion of animals with diarrhoea
Control OJD 2: property disease management
Low risk sources of sheep
* Regional Biosecurity Plans- local producer groups (or whole state) create own plan to reduce risk of local OJD introduction and spread
Market Assurance Programs OJD
JD in goats
Controlling JD in Goats
Summary - vet involvement with JD
AUSVETPLAN
DEDJTR EAD Preparedness
National EAD Preparedness:
* The risk of FMD
* Where animals are
* Entry points
* Climate
Weak points in general surveillance
7 most likely/ damaging EADs
Cost of large FMD outbreak Australia- $50bn
Bluetongue
Vector of Bluetongue
BTV basics
Pathogenesis of BTV
Bluetongue signs
Diagnosis of Bluetongue
DDX Bluetongue
National Arbovirus Monitoring Program
FMD a silent disease in sheep
Sheep movements in FMD UK 2001
Anthrax in sheep
Scrapie
Scrapie Transmission
Scrapie signs
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Freedom Assurance Program- TSEFAP
Not scrapie (lice)
Scrapie- iceberg disease?
Sheep and goat pox
Aetiology Capripoxvirus
Epi Sheep and Goat Pox
Clinical signs sheep and goat pox
Differentials for sheep and goat pox
Pestes des Petits Ruminants (PPR)
PPR epi
Signs of PPR
Pathology PPR
Rift Valley Fever
Rift Valley Fever Vector
Rift Valley Fever in Sheep
Rift Valley Fever as a zoonosis
Life cycle of the sheep scab
Pathogenesis of the sheep scab
Eradication of Sheep Scab
Maedi-Visna
small ruminant Lentivirus (Retroviridae)
Transmission small ruminant Lentivirus (Retroviridae)– Maedi Visna
Signs Maedi
Signs of Visna
Diagnosis of Maedi Visna
Ovine Pulmonary Adenomotosis
Clinical signs of Ovine Pulmonary Adenomotosis
Schmallenberg virus
Ovine enzootic abortion
Brucella melitensis
EAD hotline
Weaner illthrift a multifactorial problem
What is weaner illthrift?
* Failure of weaners to grow/thrive when other sheep are doing well
* Increased mortality
* poor wool production
Syndrome in which poorly grown weaner sheep (“tail of the mob”) and/or high mortalities arise– internal parasite, nutritionl, and mgt factors… parasitism, trace element deficiency or flystrike often precipitate deaths
Frequently associated with grazing dry pastures by young sheep in AUS
* Light bodyweight due to poor nutritional mgt and hence growth rate– major predisposing factor for weaner mortality
Extent and importance of weaner illthrift
Diagnosis/ Recognition of weaner illthrift
* < 4% mortality weaning 12 months
* Weigh 45% of mature weight at the end of spring
* Grow > 1-1.5 kg/month over summer
* 75% of mature weight at the end of 2nd summer
* Good history of flock mgt- joining period, worm control practices, history of trace element problems on the farm or in the district
* Regular outbreaks of disease
* “My weaners just don’t do well”
** Check body weight and necropsy….
* History of current problem: time of weaning, pasture grazed before and after weaning (nutritional quality? Worm count?), description of clinical signs, death rates, measured bodyweight and growth rate, supplementary feeding (type, amount, frequency)
* Clin exam and necropsy of affected sheep
** Production targets– realistic
Check bodyweight in weaner illthrift
Suggestive Clinical findings in necropsy of weaner illthrift
Malnutrition in weaner illthrift
Best practice mgt in weaner illthrift
* if supplementary feeding, feed 2-3 times/week once established to let shy feeders get to grain too
Good management in weaner illthrift
Specific dx associated with ill-thrift
Disorders of Ca, P, vitamin D and bone metabolism
Osteoporosis- thin cortices
Rickets- thickened growth plates because cartilage can’t be mineralised and resorbed properly
Pathophysiology and treatment of bone disorders
Mycoplasma ovis
Key points for weaner mgt
Safe amount to start feeding grain per day
50 g/head/day (cattle x 10)
Double it for a couple of days, double for a couple days more
Increase the quantity and frequency
What are the 15 trace micronutrients that can cause a deficiency?
When/why would I suspect a deficiency?
Are there env risk factors for trace mineral deficiency?
Nutritional myopathy of weaners causes
Selenium deficiency
Treatment
* Injection or drench at 0.1 mg Se/kg BWt (usually Sodium selenite)
Prevention
* Lambs at marking give Clostridial vaccines (have 0.5 mg/ml Se) or sodium drench
* can mix concentrate with anthelmintic drench at weaning
* Selenium containing bullets for sheep > 2 months old
* pre lambing tx of ewes in deficient areas or high clover years
* pasture top dressing with Se containing fertilisers
* Marginal/sub clinical- not clear whether supplementation is worthwhile
Vitamin E Deficiency Epi and Occurrence
Clinical signs and diagnosis of vitamin E deficiency
Vitamin E tx and prevention
Are there suggestive clinical signs of trace mineral deficiencies?
Nutritional Myopathy
Clinical signs of trace mineral deficiency
Excess selenium
Coastal or White Liver Disease
Diagnosing Cu Deficiency
* Histopath:affected body systems
* Measure Liver copper– liver buffers Cu in other body systems, so blood [Cu] less useful
* Blood Cu OK in cattle
Sheep are really susceptible to what mineral toxicity?
Iodine Deficiency: poor neonatal development and survival
Iodine deficiency risk factors
Iodine deficiency diagnosis
Treatment and prevention options
Cobalt deficiency background, epi, clinical signs
Cobalt deficiency Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention
Cu deficiency background, epi
Cu def clin signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention
Copper Toxicity
Iodine deficiency
Iodine deficiency diagnosis and treatment and prevention
Test for OJD in a herd? PRevention?
Pool samples of faeces to test for OJD
Prevention: vaccination of the ewes that will hang around such as the first cross ewes
