Clinical Neuro

Question 1

Diagnostic approach to sudden death in sheep

Answer 1

Question 2

What kills suddenly in sheep?

Answer 2

Question 3

Diseases causing sudden death in sheep in Australia

Answer 3

Question 4

Organism, source, risk factors?

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

Sudden death sheep, what would added to diagnosis?

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

Malignant Oedema (Big Head)

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Diagnosis of Clostridial Diseases

Answer 11

Question 12

Treatment and Control of Clostridial Diseases

Answer 12

Question 13

Important Clostridial disease

Answer 13

Question 14

Anthrax Epi

Answer 14

Question 15

Anthrax Diagnosis

Answer 15

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

Phalaris PE like Sudden Death

Answer 17

Question 18

Other Phalaris Toxicities

Answer 18

Question 19

Blue Green algae

Answer 19

Question 20

Cyanide Poisoning

Answer 20

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

Nitrate poisoning

Answer 23

Question 24

Nitrate poisoning diagnosis and treatment?

Answer 24

Question 25

Other causes of sudden death

Answer 25

Question 26

Answer 26

Question 27

Diagnosis of staggers

Answer 27

Question 28

Staggers syndromes

Answer 28

Question 29

Answer 29

Aetiology/Pathogenesis

* Tryptamine alkaloid neurotoxins in plant affect midbrain function

* Deficient/ marginal cobalt areas

* All ages affected

* n.b. different syndrome to acute toxicity

Epi

* Autumn- winter

* onset

• weeks-months grazing
• can be delayed

* Variable morbidity, low direct mortality

* May recover or signs persist

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

Perennial Ryegrass Toxicosis

Answer 32

Question 33

Mgt and prevention of Perennial Ryegrass Toxicosis (PRGT)

Answer 33

Question 34

Annual Ryegrass Toxicity

Answer 34

Question 35

ART: Diagnosis

Answer 35

Question 36

ART Tx and Prevention

Answer 36

Question 37

Plant poisonings causing CNS signs

Answer 37

Question 38

Hairy Shaker Disease

Answer 38

Question 39

Border Disease Pathogenesis: Stage of pregnancy

Answer 39

Question 40

Border Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

Answer 40

Question 41

Common Diseases Causing Lingering Deaths

Answer 41

Question 42

Lingering Deaths

Answer 42

Question 43

Lingering Deaths with Neuro Signs

Answer 43

Question 44

Polioencephalomalacia Clinical Signs

Answer 44

Question 45

Answer 45

Polioencephalomalacia

Question 46

Outbreak Case in Drought Feedlot

Answer 46

Question 47

Overview of listeriosis

Answer 47

Question 48

Focal Symmetrical Encephalomalacia

Answer 48

Question 49

What’s your diagnosis and treatment?

Answer 49

Question 50

What’s a good way to differentiate preg tox from hypocalcaemia in the early days?

Answer 50

Preg tox mentally dull– where they blur together is the later stages of hypocalcaemia

* you can see hypocalcaemia in non-pregnant, non-lactating sheep if they don’t have good calcium stores

* If you even have any suspicion of hypocalcaemia then give 4 in 1

Question 51

Causes of recumbency in an ewe

Answer 51

Preg tox– energy intake < requirements

Hypocalcaemia- can’t maintain serum Ca

Conditions often occur together

Question 52

Answer 52

Lower lamb birth weights

More deaths from mismothering and/or exposure

poorer milk supplies and lamb growth rates

Question 53

Differentiate between PT and hypoCa in the field? Clin exam, Response to 4 in 1 tx (60+ mL IV), clin path

Answer 53

Question 54

Differentiate between PT and hypoCa– further hx/ extra exam, more tx and prevention

Answer 54

Question 55

Answer 55

Question 56

Answer 56

Question 57

Answer 57

Don’t muster ewes in the last month (especially the last 2 weeks) of gestation!!! Greater risk for hypocalcaemia

Question 58

Answer 58

Stop calcium the week before lambing– switch on calcium homeostasis

Question 59

Answer 59

Why did I diagnose preg tox in these ewes?

Ewes down for several days

no hx of interrupted grazing

moderately dull

concurrent cause of lameness despite good FOO

To confirm: confirm ketonuria

Tx: hay, a/bs, flunix, ketol

Favourable prognosis

Other potential causes of recumbency: parasitism, mastitis, hypoMg, Botulism, spinal abscess

Question 60

Question 61

Answer 61

Capeweed- brown MM because nitrate poisoning– sunny day at risk

Question 62

Answer 62

Patterson’s curse- purple flowers

pyrrolizadine alkaloids-hepatotoxic, jaundice, lingering death

Question 63

Answer 63

Barley grass- penetrate the fleece of sheep- cause grass seed abscesses

Annual grass– nutritional content decreases by the end of the year