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Neuroanatomy > Pons/Cerebellum > Flashcards

Pons/Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

The facial colliculus is located ______, along the midline. It overlies _____. Damage here will affect the ____ and cause ______

A

On the floor of the 4th ventricle
Cr 6 nucleus and Cr 7 which loops around it
horizontal gaze center (i.e. paramedian pontine reticular formation)
horizontal nystagmus or loss of conjugate horizontal eye movements

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2
Q

The pons is mostly supplied by the ____ artery and the _____ branches from it but also receives some blood supply from the _____ and _____ on the dorsal lateral aspect.

A

Basilar
Pontine/penetrating branches
Superior cerebellar
AICA

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3
Q

The basis of the pons has longitudinal axons going from pontine nuclei to the _____ via the ____. These carry info from ____

A

Cerebellum
Middle cerebellar peduncle
The cortex

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4
Q

The inferior cerebellar peduncle carries ______. The middle cerebellar peduncle carries _____. The superior cerebellar peduncle carries _____.

A

Inf- axons from the medulla to the cerebellum
Middle- pons to cerebellum
Superior- output from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the brainstem and forebrain

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5
Q

The vestibular areas are at the border of the pons and medulla, at the _____. They are close to the ____

A

Ends of the widest point of the 4th ventricle

Inf Cerebellar Peduncle

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6
Q

You can see the paramedian pontine reticular formation _____ and the raphe nucleus _____ in the caudal pons. The locus coeruleus is visible in the rostral pons _____.

A

PPRF- Midline
RN- midline b/wn medial lemnisci
LC- on the dorsal aspect, by the ventricle and next to the superior cerebellar peduncle

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7
Q

The lateral lemniscus projects from the _____ to the _____. It is lateral to the medial lemniscus and in the rostral pons, is at a 90 degree angle to it, with the _____ tract at the “elbow”

A

superior olive
inferior colliculus
anterolateral tract

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8
Q

The medial longitudinal fasciculus allows you to…
It interconnects…
It is located…

A

look to 1 side with both eyes at the same time
Vestibular nuclei; Cr 3,4,6 nuclei; superior colliculus; cervical spinal cord
In the dorsal aspect of the pons, near the midline

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9
Q

In moving from the medulla to the pons, you can note the disappearance of the…

A

Pyramids and the inferior olive

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10
Q

The caudal pons contains nuclei for cranial nerves…

A

6,7 and 8 (spinal nucleus of 5 might be visible too)

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11
Q

For unilateral hearing loss to occur, there must be damage to…

A

Cr 8 or both cochlear nuclei on 1 side

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12
Q

At the level trigem enters the pons, you can see ____ and ____ which carry ____ and _____ info respectively. (proprioceptive info is carried to which nucleus?)

A

motor nucleus of 5- motor info for jaw muscles
chief sensory nucleus of 5- epicritic
Proprioceptive to the mesencephalic nucleus of 5- in the midbrain

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13
Q

The medial lemniscus contains ___ info from the ____. It shifts laterally and dorsally in the pons and eventually terminates in the _____

A

epicritic
Trunk and limbs
VPL of the thalamus

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14
Q

Axons of the pyramidal tracts appear as _____ in the pons (as compared to ____ in the medulla). These come to the pons by way of the ____ and the ____

A

Axon bundles/fascicles
Pyramids
Post limb internal capsule
Crus cerebri

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15
Q

Corticobulbar axons are _____ for cranial nerves. They mostly affect CNs on the ___ side

A

UMNs

Contralateral (no distinct decusation)

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16
Q

The vestibular nucleus is for ____. It receives sensory info about ____. It gives output to Cr 3,4, and 6 via the ______ for the VOR. It also gives output to _____ for maintaining posture and to the cerebellum via the ICP for ____

A 
Cr 8
the position and movement of the head
MLF
the spinal cord
Balance and control of reflexive eye mvts
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17
Q

The facial nucleus ______. A lesion here results in ______

A

Innervates the muscles of the face via Cr 7

Ipsilateral face paralysis (entire half) and a loss of the efferent br of the corneal reflex. And eyes are dry

18
Q

The abducens nucleus ______. Pathology here leads to ____

A

innervates the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle

the eye drifting towards the middle (internal strabismus) and diplopia

19
Q

Damage to what nucleus leads to a loss of the afferent br of the corneal reflex? What else occurs here?

A

The spinal nucleus of 5

Synapse of neurons from the face carrying protopathic info

20
Q

The chief sensory tract of 5 carries epicritic info across the midline and travels with the _____ to the _____

A 
medial lemniscus (in the medial portion) 
VPM
21
Q

The ICP carries info about proprioception from ___, ____ and ____

A

The spinocerebellar tract (limb position and velocity)
The inf olivary complex (from the cortex, red nucleus and spinal cord)
The vestibular nuclei

22
Q

The superior cerebellar peduncle contains axons from deep cerebellar nuclei that target….

A

The pontine RF, the red nucleus, the ventral anterior and ventral lateral nuclei in the thalamus

23
Q

Name the 4 thalamic deep nuclei. The medial ones receive info about the ____ and the lateral ones are related to ____

A

Fastigial and globose (medial); embolliform and dentate (lateral)
Axial structures via the RF and vestibular nuclei
Limb control

24
Q

Midline pathology of the cerebellum usually affects _____ and causes _____ whereas lateral pathology of the cerebellum usually affects ____ and causes _____

A

The axial muscles and balance
Ataxia, a broad-based gait, horizontal gaze-induced nystagmus and hypotonia
Limb movement and fine motor control
Intention tremor, dysmetria (past-pointing), dysdiadochokinesia

25
Q

Flocculus damage is associated with what symptoms?

A

Nystagmus and disturbances in balance

26
Q

What arteries supply the cerebellum?

A

The superior cerebellar and the AICA from the basilar and the PICA from the vertebral

27
Q

The horizontal gaze center is made up of the ____

A

Abducens nerve, the PPRF and the MLF

28
Q

The crus cerebri and Cr 4 are visible in a myelin section of the ___

A

Rostral pons

29
Q

In decorticate posturing, a lesion has occurred _____. This results in a loss of innervation from the corticospinal tract so the _____ tract takes over, causing flexion of the upper limb and extension of the lower limb.

A

rostral to the red nuclei/in the midbrain
Rubrospinal tract
Note: only seen in coma pts

30
Q

In the corneal reflex, info about the stimulus is carried into the pons via ____. It then _____, synapses, and travels to both _____ in the pons. This causes both eyes to blink

A

Cr 5
Descends into the medulla with the spinal tract (protopathic sense) of 5
Facial nuclei

31
Q

To localize a lesion in the caudal pons, look for _____ nerve involvement.
In the mid pons, _____ involvement.
In the rostral pons, _____ involvement

A

Cr 5,6,7
Cr 5- motor nucleus and chief sensory nucleus
Cr 5, 4 but they’re not good localizers

32
Q

Horizontal nystagmus suggests a lesion _____, involving what structures?

A

At the pons-medulla junction

Vestibular nuclei, Cr 8, cerebellar input or cerebellum

33
Q

How is it possible to get protopathic sensory loss on both sides of the face?

A

These fibers enter the pons with Cr 5, dive down into the medulla, decussate and climb with the anterolateral system on the contralateral side. A lesion just above the decusation would knock out fibers from the ipsilateral side descending and fibers from the contralateral side climbing (fibers are in close proximity)

34
Q

LMN lesion to Cr 7 causes paralysis of ____

A

the entire 1/2 of the face

35
Q

For horizontal nystagmus, resting or spontaneous nystagmus is likely from ____ whereas gaze-induced nystagmus is likely from _____

A

Vestibular nuclei

Cerebellum

36
Q

How could you differentiate between a PICA and an AICA stroke?

A

The PICA will not affect Cr 7 b/c it only perfuses the medulla. The AICA supplies the pons so it will affect the facial nerve or it’s nucleus if the stroke is big enough

37
Q

A lesion to the vestibular nuclei will result in…

A

vertigo, tinnitus, horizontal nystagmus, loss of balance (esp when pt closes eyes), ipsilateral hearing loss

38
Q

Protopathic sensation conveys info about

A

pain, temperature and pinprick sensation

39
Q

A sensory deficit from head to toe (including the face) on 1 side of the body means a lesion is….

A

Above where trigem enters the pons (mid pons) because all info must have crossed over and must be ascending together

40
Q

A stroke involving the superior cerebellar artery affects _____ which would cause Horner’s syndrome

A

The HRST

41
Q

A stroke involving the AICA will affect the dorsal lateral pons in addition to the cerebellum, causing…

A

hearing loss, facial nerve involvement (paralysis of 1/2 of the face)

42
Q

A PICA stroke affects the dorsal lateral medulla and might cause…

A

Hoarseness, vertigo, crossed sensory signs (i.e. protopathic sensation on 1 side of the face and the opposite side of the body)

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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