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Neuroanatomy > Internal Anatomy > Flashcards

Internal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The ____ ventricle is associated with the telencephalon. The _____ ventricle is associated with the diencephalon. The midbrain is associated with _______. And the pons and medulla are associated with _______.

A

Lateral ventricle
3rd ventricle
Cerebral aquaduct
4th ventricle

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2
Q

Because the telencephalon grows posteriorly and inferiorly, this structure is C-shaped

A

Lateral ventricle

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3
Q

Because the telencephalon grows posteriorly and inferiorly, these structures end up in the temporal lobe

A

The caudate nucleus, the amygdala, and the hippocampus

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4
Q

What does the choroid plexus do? Where is it located?

A

It produces CSF. In the floor of the inferior horn and body of the lateral ventricle, the roof of the 3rd ventricle, and the inferior part of the roof of the 4th ventricle

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5
Q

Where does the foramen of Luschka emerge? Where is it in relation to the foramen of Magendie?

A

Emerges by PICA and the floculus.

There are 2 foramina of Luschka; they are lateral to the 1 foramen of Magendie

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6
Q

In which lobe does the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle lie? How about the body? The posterior horn? The inferior horn?

A

Anterior- frontal
Body- parietal
Posterior- occipital
Inferior- temporal

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7
Q

The third ventricle lies between the _______. It is pierced by the _____

A 
2 thalami
Massa intermedia (a connection b/wn the 2 thalami)
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8
Q

How do the lateral ventricles communicate with the 3rd ventricle? How does the 3rd ventricle communicate with the 4th ventricle?

A

Lateral and 3rd- via the inter ventricular foramen

3rd and 4th- via the cerebral aqueduct

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9
Q

What structure forms the roof of the lateral ventricle?

A

The corpus callosum

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10
Q

What structure lies on the floor of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle?

A

The caudate nucleus

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11
Q

What structure lies on the ventral medial surface of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle?

A

The hippocampus

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12
Q

What structure surrounds the inferior point of the 3rd ventricle?

A

The hypothalamus

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13
Q

The medial surface of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle normally abuts….

A

The calcarine sulcus

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14
Q

The cerebral aqueduct runs between the ____ dorsally and the ___ ventrally

A

Tectum (the superior and inferior colliculi) and tegmentum of the midbrain

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15
Q

_____ forms the roof of the 4th ventricle; ____ forms the floor

A

Cerebellum and tegmentum of the pons

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16
Q

What are some functions of the CSF?

A

To preserve homeostasis of the brain, to provide mechanical support and a cushion for the brain and to serve as the brain’s lymphatic system

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17
Q

The CSF flows over the brain and spinal cord in the ….

A

subarachnoid space

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18
Q

The CSF is absorbed into the dural sinus system via…

A

arachnnoid villi or granulations

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19
Q

Axons from the hippocampus traverse to the hypothalamus and the mammillary bodies via the….

A

Fornix

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20
Q

The amygdala is located in the temporal lobe and is ….. the lateral ventricle

A

situated across the anterior end of the inferior horn of

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21
Q

The tectum is ____ to the cerebral aqueduct. The tegmentum is ______ to the cerebral aqueduct.

A

Tectum is superior/dorsal; tegmentum is inferior/ventral

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22
Q

What makes up the cerebral peduncles? How many are there?

A

There are 2. They are made up of the crus cerebri and the substantial nigra

23
Q

Where is the fornix located in relation to the septum pellucidum?

A

It is inferior to and on either side of the septum pellucidum

24
Q

The lateral geniculate nucleus receives ____ information; the medial geniculate nucleus receives ______ information

A

LGN- visual

MGN- auditory

25
Q

What function does the pulvinar serve? The anterior tubercle of the thalamus?

A

Pulvinar- impt for processing of visual info

Anterior tubercle- is involved in emotion

26
Q

What is the amygdala involved in? Where is it located?

A

Fear and emotion

Deep to the uncus, anterior to the anterior pole of the hippocampus

27
Q

The lenticulate nucleus is made up of the ____ and the ______. It is _____ to the inner capsule

A

globus pallidus (medially) and putamen (laterally). Lateral to

28
Q

What makes up the basal ganglia?

A

the caudate, putamen and globus pallidus

29
Q

The striatum is composed of _____ and _____

A

the caudate and the putamen

30
Q

How do the two occipital lobes communicate?

A

Using the splenium of the corpus callosum

31
Q

The posterior limb of the internal capsule continues into the ___

A

crus cerebri

32
Q

A lesion in the posterior limb of the internal capsule presents as….

A

Complete hemiparalysis (leg= arm= face). Can be confirmed by visual deficits

33
Q

The visual radiations project from the ____ to the ____. The auditory radiations project from the _____ to the _____

A

Visual: LGN-> primary visual cortex
Auditory: MGN-> Heschl’s gyrus

34
Q

The anterior commissure is _____ to the mammillary bodies. It connects ______.

A

Anterior

The anterior poles of the 2 temporal lobes

35
Q

The posterior commissure allows the ____ to communicate and is involved in….

A

Superior colliculi

The pupillary light reflex and mediating upward gaze

36
Q

The optic chiasm is at the level of the _____

A

pons

37
Q

The basis of the pons is the….

A

Bulging portion

38
Q

A lesion in the basal ganglia presents as ______. Give 3 examples of diseases that affect the basal ganglia

A

Uncontrolled involuntary movements (i.e. resting tremors)

Parkinson, Huntington, Hemiballism

39
Q

Define: association fibers. How do they differ from projection fibers and commissure fibers?

A

Assoc fibers- connect areas of cortex in the same hemisphere
Projection- connect cortical areas to areas lower in the neuraxis
Comissure- connect homologous areas of the 2 hemispheres

40
Q

What does the superior longitudinal/arcuate fasciculus connect? What will a lesion here present as?

A

The frontal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe including Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, and the auditory cortex
Presents as Broca’s aphasia

41
Q

What does the inferior longitudinal fasciculus connect? Where is it located?

A

The occipital and temporal lobes

Deep to the fusiform gyrus

42
Q

Which two lobes does the uncinate fasciculus connect? What functional significance does this have?

A

The frontal and temporal

It may connect frontal cortex-based reward and punishment centers with temporal lobe-based memory representations

43
Q

In what lobes is the cingulum located? What is its hypothesized function?

A

The frontal and temporal. Also the limbic lobe. Learning to avoid painful stimuli

44
Q

The corpus callosum is a _____ fiber tract. The ____ connects the frontal lobes, the _____ the parietal lobes and the _____ the occipital lobes

A

Commissural
Genu
Body
Splenium

45
Q

The axons of the fornix that cross when the two fornices approach each other make up the ______

A

Hippocampal commissure

46
Q

As the corona radiate fibers pass medial to the lenticulate nucleus, they become ______

A

the internal capsule

47
Q

What is another name for short association fibers?

A

U-fibers

48
Q

What is another name for the posterior-most fibers of the corona radiate? What two areas do they connect?

A

Visual radiations

LGN to V1

49
Q

The fibers of the internal capsule that pass inferior to the lenticulate nucleus in the direction of the temporal lobe are….. which connect…..

A

Auditory radiations

MGN to Heschl’s gyri

50
Q

A lesion to this area is the ONLY place that will cause complete motor, sensory and vision loss on 1 side of the body

A

The posterior limb of the internal capsule

51
Q

What do fasciculations of the tongue indicate?

A

LMN pathology of Cr XII

52
Q

Which two arteries supply the internal capsule?

A

The anterior choroidal (off of the internal carotid) and the lenticulostriates off of the middle cerebral

53
Q

What neurons make up the anterior limb of the internal capsule? The genu? The posterior limb?

A

Anterior limb- thalamocortical and frontopontine
Genu- corticobulbular (motor, cranial nerves)
Posterior limb- corticospinal (motor) and thalamocortical (sensory)

54
Q

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

A

Regulate cortically controlled motor activity

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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