Pompeii + Herculaneum sources

Question 1

religion: give a primary + secondary source for the general role of religion

Answer 1

religion was ‘what maintains the cohesion of the state’- Polybius
Second:- ‘the most characteristic feature of Roman religion was essentially political orientation.’ A.E. Cooley

Question 2

religion: give a secondary source for the capitoline triad

Answer 2

Mitchell Birrell agrees with the interpretation that the italic style of the building suggests that ‘they were using religious architecture to make a statement about the city’s sophistication and wealth.’

Question 3

religion: give a primary source for the popularity of the worship of Apollo

Answer 3

Augustus adopted Apollo as his patron - using him to promote the concept of the ‘Golcen Age’

Question 4

religion: give a secondary source for the worship of Hercules

Answer 4

Hercules mythological exploits became fashionable when “emperors, notably Nero, liked to be regarded as reincarnations of Hercules” - Michael Grant

Question 5

religion: give a secondary source for the worship of mystery cults

Answer 5

Michael Grant notes that people found “the decrees of Fate + Fortune oppressive’ - Cities of Vesuvius

Question 6

religion: give a secondary source for the worship of the cult of Isis

Answer 6

the cult of Isis may have come with “foreign women” (Louise Zarmati - Women and Eros) since many of it’s worshippers included foreign prostitutes

Question 7

religion: give a primary source for the cult of Bacchus/Dionysius

Answer 7

according to Livy, the cult spread “like a contagious disease” and “to the religious content were added the pleasures of wine and feasting”

Question 8

religion: give primary evidence for the popularity of the cult of Isis

Answer 8

• the significance shown by the outstanding paintings, decorations + furniture found in the temple of Isis in P + the fact that it was one of the first public buildings to have been totally restored after earthquake
• quickly spread to the elite - Julia Felix incorporated shrines + statuettes dedicated to the goddess

Question 9

religion: give evidence for the worship of the imperial cult

Answer 9

• evidence of the cult comes from the Collegius Augustalium in H; headquarters of the cult priests + reliefs on the altar of the Temple of Vespasian in forum at P

Question 10

religion: give evidence for the purpose of tombs (not to be forgotten)

Answer 10

the inscription of the tomb of Marcus Tullius showed his status and achievements in life
the tomb of Eumachia - largest in P - showed status + wealth

Question 11

ethics: give a secondary reference for the second death of P + H - due to poor management

Answer 11

Pietro Giovanni Guzzo ‘Pompeii’s death is not in one blow. it is slow, but sure.’

Question 12

ethics: body of knowledge - Laser gives us info on:

Answer 12

age, height, sex
Health: - teeth worn -> bread (sand used in processing)
- post menopausal conditions - osteoporosis, pelvic tilting
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