NKE - est. of the 18th Dynasty essay sources

Question 1

what is the Papyrus Salier?

Answer 1

Papyrus Salier - tells the tale about ‘provocative + insulting’ message sent from Apophis, Hyksos king to Sequenenre

Question 2

What evidence is there for Sequenenre fighting to expel the Hyksos?

Answer 2

wounds on Sequenenre’s corpse + the Papyrus Salier

Question 3

what did Manetho (egyptian priest - 3rd cenury BC) say about the Hyksos?

Answer 3

recorded that the Hyksos “burned our cities ruthlessly, razed to the ground the temples of the gods and treated all the natives with cruel hostility”

Question 4

What evidence disputes the egyptian bias against the Hyksos?

Answer 4

westcar papyrus - an example of when the Hyksos rewrote/preserved egyptian texts

Question 5

What evidence is there for the new role of Queens in the 18th Dynasty? as prominent rulers etc.

Answer 5

stela from karnak shows that Ahotep was awarded the gold flies of valor by her son

Question 6

what was recorded by Kamose on his view of the Hyksos occupation?

Answer 6

Kamose stela - ‘My wish is to save Egypt + smite the Asiatics … one chieftain is in Avaris, another in Kush … each man has his slice of Egypt’

Question 7

what does Kamose’s second stela record?

Answer 7

kamose’s second stela records his victories against the Hyksos

Question 8

What did Ahmose son of Ebana record about Ahmose’s campaigns?

Answer 8

Ahmose son of Ebana’s (naval officer) tomb, recorded that King Ahmose fought at least 3 battles and put down a rebellion which interrupted the third battle (which was also the final siege + capture of Avaris)

Question 9

What evidence indicates the beginning of an empire under King Ahmose?

Answer 9

Ahmose Pen Nekhbet’s (infantry officer) tomb records indicate that King Ahmose also most likely campaigned in Libya and Syria-Palestine

Question 10

where does evidence of King Ahmose’s military successes come from?

Answer 10

from the tomb Ahmose, son of Ebana who took part in the attack on the Hyksos - Ahmose had ‘conquered southerners + notherners’

Question 11

what did J. H. Breasted say about Egypt after the expulsion of the Hyksos?

Answer 11

Egypt was no loner isolated + before long began to play ‘a full part in the developments of the eastern Mediterranean’

Question 12

building programs were a large part of the est. of the 18th dynasty - what is the evidence it was used as a statement of the restoration of ma’at after the ‘chaos’ of the Hyksos occupation?

Answer 12

Palace complex built on former Hyksos site in Avaris by King Ahmose