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RTH 217 > Polysomnography Terms 1 > Flashcards

Polysomnography Terms 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is active sleep?

A

a stage of sleep in neonates and infants equivalent to REM sleep in adults

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2
Q

What is alpha activity?

A

EEG waveform 8-13 hz range (cycle per second) range. considered as the “wake” state

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3
Q

What is alpha intrusion?

A

alpha waves overriding/superimposing on all other sleep stages

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4
Q

What is alpha rhythm?

A

EEG waveform 8-13 hz range. considered at the “wake” state. seen predominantly in the occipital regions (O1 and O2)

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5
Q

What is alpha sleep?

A

stage of sleep considered to be “wake”

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6
Q

What is alpha-delta?

A

sleep alpha waves overriding/superimposing on delta/slow wave sleep

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7
Q

What is apnea?

A

cessation of nasal/oral airflow lasting at least 10 seconds in duration (adults)

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8
Q

What is apnea-hypopnea index?

A

the total number of apneic and hypopneic episodes per hour of sleep

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9
Q

What is apnea index?

A

the total number of apneic episodes (obstructive, mixed, and central apneas) per hour of sleep

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10
Q

What is arousal?

A

a brief interruption in sleep; usually a 10-30% interruption on the epoch which may or may not cause a stage change

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11
Q

What is atonic?

A

without normal tension or (muscle tone)

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12
Q

What is beta activity?

A

EEG waveform with a frequency of greater than 13 hz (cycles per second)

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13
Q

What is beta rhythm?

A

EEG waveform which may be drug induced

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14
Q

What is cataplex?

A

refers to a sudden loss of muscle tone usually associated with a strong emotional stimulus. appears to be a sudden on set of REM-related muscle atonia but without loss of consciousness

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15
Q

What is cheyne-stokes respiration?

A

a breathing pattern characterized by regular “crescendo-decrescendo” fluctuations in respiratory rate tidal volume

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16
Q

What is circadian rhythm?

A

a daily fluctuation of physiological or behavioral functions, including sleep wake states generally tied to the 24 hour daily dark light circle, but sometimes at a measurably different periodicity when light-dark and other time cues are removed

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17
Q

What is cycles per second (cps)?

A

the number of “peaks” (EEG waves) occurring in a one second time frame

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18
Q

What is deep sleep?

A

also known as stages 3 and 4 sleep, slow wave sleep, restorative sleep; delta sleep

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19
Q

What is delayed sleep phase?

A

a condition where one’s internal clock is moved back (delayed) in a given 24-hour sleep-wake cycle

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20
Q

What is delta-sleep stage?

A

stage of sleep in which a person is in stage 3 or 4. also known as slow wave sleep

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21
Q

What is diurnal?

A

happening in the daytime

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22
Q

What is drowsiness?

A

state of subtle wakefulness prior to sleep onset

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23
Q

What is dyssomnia?

A

a primary disorder of initiating or maintaining sleep (or wakefulness)

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24
Q

What is electroencephalogram (EEG)?

A

a recording of electrical activity of the brain by means of electrodes placed on the surface of the head. used to score the stages of sleep

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25
Q

What is electromyogram (EMG)?

A

a recording of electrical activity from the muscular system by means of surface electrodes placed in designated areas during sleep (i.e. chin: mentalis, submentalis, masseter; leg: anterior tibalis; intercostals)

26
Q

What is electro-oculogram (EOG)?

A

a recording of voltage changes resulting from shifts in position of the ocular globes by means of electrodes placed near the eyes to record the movement of the eyeballs

27
Q

What is epoch?

A

corresponds to a page of the polysomnograph. typically an epoch is 30 seconds in duration (considering you are running at 10 mm/sec)

28
Q

What is excessive daytime somnolence (EDS)?

A

a subjective report of maintaining wakefulnesss and a rapid initiation into sleep when the individual is sedentary. most commonly occurs during the daytime, however excessive sleepiness may be present at night in an individual who has his major sleep period during the day time (i.e. shift worker)

29
Q

What is first night effect?

A

reduced quality compared to that which would be expected in the subjects usual sleeping environment without recording equipment. habitation to the laboratory setting is found by the second night of recording

30
Q

What is hertz (hz)?

A

a unit of frequency; preferred term to the synonym cycles per second

31
Q

What is hypersomnia?

A

excessive sleepiness; deep or prolonged major sleep period. may be associated with difficulty awakening, or sleep drunkenness

32
Q

What is hypnogogic?

A

occurrence of an event during the transition from wakefulness to sleep

33
Q

What is hypnopompic?

A

occurrence of an event during the transition from sleep to wakefulness

34
Q

What is hypopnea?

A

an episode of shallow breathing (diminished airflow) during sleep lasting 10 seconds or longer; usually associated with a fall in blood oxygen saturation value

35
Q

What is insomnia?

A

difficulty in initiating and/or maintaining sleep

36
Q

What is k complex?

A

a sharp, biphasic EEG wave followed by a high voltage slow wave. the complex duration is at least 0.5 seconds and may be accomplished by a sleep spindle

37
Q

What is maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT)?

A

a series of measurements to assess wakefulness in darkened room while in a semi-reclined position. long latencies to sleep are indicative of ability to remain awake. most useful for assessing the effects of medications upon the ability to remain awake

38
Q

What is montage?

A

the particular arrangement by which a number of derivations are displayed simultaneously in a polysomnograph

39
Q

What is movement arousal (MA)?

A

a body movement associated with an EEG pattern of arousal of full awaking; a sleep scoring variable

40
Q

What is movement time (MT)?

A

EEG and EOG tracings are obscured for more than half the scoring epoch because of movement. the preceding and succeeding epochs are in sleep

41
Q

What is multiple sleep latency test?

A

a series of measurements whereby subject are allowed a fixed number of opportunities to fall asleep during their customary awake period. Excessive sleepiness is characterized by short latencies. long latencies are helpful in distinguishing physical tiredness or fatigue from true sleepiness

42
Q

What is nightmare?

A

term used to denote an unpleasant and frightening dream that usually occurs in REM sleep. aka dream anxiety attack

43
Q

What is nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT)?

A

see sleep rated erections (SRE)

44
Q

What is paradoxial sleep?

A

synonomous with REM sleep, the preferred term

45
Q

What is periodic limb movement (PLM)?

A

rapid, partial flexion of the foot at the ankle, extension of the big toe, and partial flexion of the knee and the hip that occurs during sleep. the movements occur with a periodicity of 20-60 seconds in a pattern lasting 0.5-5 seconds in duration

46
Q

What is periodic movement of sleep (PMS)?

A

same as periodic limb movement

47
Q

What is PLM/arousal index?

A

the number of sleep related periodic limb movements per hour of sleep that are associated with an EEG arousal

48
Q

What is PLM index?

A

the number of periodic limb movements per hour of total sleep time

49
Q

What is polysomnograph (PSG)

A

the continuous and simultaneous recording of physiological variables during sleep (EEG, EOG, EMG- the three basic stage scoring parameters), EKG, respiratory airflow, respiratory movements, limb movements, and other electrophysiological variables

50
Q

What is quiet sleep?

A

a term used for describing NREM sleep in infants and animals when specific NREM sleep stages 1-4 cannot be determined

51
Q

What is REM density?

A

a function that expresses the frequency of eye movements per unit time during sleep stage REM

52
Q

What is REM-sleep latency?

A

the interval from sleep onset to the first appearance of stage REM sleep in the sleep episode

53
Q

What is REM-sleep rebound (recovery)?

A

lengthening and increase in frequency and density of REM sleep episodes which result in an increase in REM-sleep deprivation once the depriving influence is removed

54
Q

What is respiratory disturbance index (RDI)?

A

the number of apneas (obstructive, mixed, central) and hypopneas per hour of sleep time. aka apnea and hypopnia index (AHI)

55
Q

What is sawtooth waves?

A

a form of theta rhythm that occurs during REM sleep and is characterized by a notched appearance in the waveform. occurs in burst lasting up to 10 seconds in duration

56
Q

What is sleep efficiency?

A

the proportion of sleep in the episode potentially filled by sleep. the ratio of total sleep time to time in bed

57
Q

What is sleep latency?

A

the duration of time measured from “lights out” or bedtime to the onset of sleep

58
Q

What is sleep onset?

A

the transition from wake to sleep

59
Q

What is sleep onset REM period (SOREMP)?

A

the beginning of sleep by entrance directly into stage REM sleep. The onset of REM sleep occurs within 10 minutes of sleep onset

60
Q

What is delta activity?

A

EEG waveform with a frequency of 0.5-2 hz with an amplitude of at least 75 uV from peak to peak in at least 20% of the epoch

RTH 217 (6 decks)

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