PFT Testing Flashcards

0
Q

How many lung volumes are there?

A

4

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1
Q

What are 3 measurement types?

A
  • lung volumes/capacities
  • flow rates
  • gas diffusion
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2
Q

How many lung capacities are there?

A

4

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3
Q

What does one lung capacity equal?

A

2 or more lung volumes

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4
Q

What are the directly measured lung volumes?

A
  • IC
  • IRV
  • ERV
  • VC
  • VT
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5
Q

What are the indirectly measured lung volumes?

A
  • RV
  • FRC
  • TLC
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6
Q

How do we measure indirect volumes?

A

Perform a SVC maneuver

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7
Q

How would you instruct a patient to perform a SVC?

A

Take a maximal inspiration followed by a maximal expiration without force

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8
Q

What kind of disease will the SVC provide important volumes for?

A

Restrictive diseases

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9
Q

What is the definition of IRV?

A

Maximum volume of air inspired following normal inspiration. Not clinically significant

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10
Q

What is the definition of the ERV?

A

Normal inhale followed by maximal exhalation (20-25% of VC)

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11
Q

What is the definition of IC?

A

Normal exhalation followed by maximal inhalation

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12
Q

What is the definition of VC?

A
  • inspiration: maximal exhalation followed by inhaling deeply as possible
  • expiration: maximal inhalation followed by exhaling maximally
  • 80% of TLC
  • obtained from VC maneuver
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13
Q

What is pulmonary mechanics?

A
  • Evaluates lungs ability to move large volumes quickly

- measures FLOWS

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14
Q

What disease will FVC provide important flow rates for?

A

Obstructive

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15
Q

How would you instruct a patient to perform a FVC maneuver?

A

Take a maximal inspiration followed by a maximal expiration as forcefully and rapidly as possible

16
Q

What are some important facts about FVC?

A
  • effort dependent
  • must begin exhalation quickly
  • exhalation must be > or = to 6 seconds
  • should equal SVC
  • indicates obstruction if not completed in 3 seconds
17
Q

What is FEF25-75?

A

Small airways

18
Q

What is FEF200-1200?

A

Large airways

19
Q

What are some important facts about PEFR?

A
  • effort dependent
  • typical value 10 L/sec (600 L/min)
  • sometimes used to evaluate asthmatic patients, pre/post bronchodilation
  • ID in flow-volume graph as highest point
20
Q

What is FEV/FVC ratio?

A

FEV for a given interval expressed as a % of a FVC

21
Q

What is FEV1.0?

A
  • volume of gas expired over a given 1 second

- best indicator of obstructive disease

22
Q

What does it mean if your FEV1/FVC ratio <70%?

A

Obstructive

23
Q

What does it mean if your FEV1/FVC ratio is >70%

A

Indicates no obstruction so normal or restrictive

24
Q

What is a flow volume loop?

A

Measures the volumes and flow rates of the FVC

25
Q

What are the directions of a flow volume loop?

A
  • patient performs a FEV from TLC

- followed by a FIV from RV

26
Q

What is measured on the FVC vertical axis?

A
  • flow rates measured directly on the vertical axis
  • expiratory flows above base line
  • inspiratory flows below base line
27
Q

What is measured on the FVC horizontal axis?

A

-volume measured directly on the horizontal axis

28
Q

What would the shape be of a restrictive flow-volume loop?

A

tall and skinny

29
Q

What would the shape be of an obstructive flow-volume loop?

A

scooped out

30
Q

What does fixed airway obstruction cause?

A

equal decreases in both expiratory and inspiratory flow rates

31
Q

How would you know if you had an intrathoracic airway obstruction?

A
  • flattened on expiration

- flow limitation

32
Q

How would you know if you had an extrathoracic large airway obstruction?

A

flow limitation on inspiration

33
Q

What is the purpose of the pre and post bronchodilator PFT testing?

A

used to measure the reversibility of an obstructive pattern

34
Q

A bronchodilator post study is considered to be significant with an increase in how much?

A

15% or more

35
Q

When should all bronchodilator therapy be held?

A

8 hours prior to testing

36
Q

What is bronchial provocation?

A

looks for airway reactivity

37
Q

What are some ways bronchial provocation is done?

A
  • methacholine challenge
  • histamine challenge
  • cold air challenge
  • exercise challenge
38
Q

How is it determined that a patient has reactive airways after bronchial provocation?

A

a 20% or more decrease in FEV1 occurs