Polymers Flashcards
How to draw a repeating unit for a polyester
Take an H2O from the middle and from the ends
2 ways to form a polyester
Di-acid and Di-ol
Or
Di- acyl chloride and Di-ol
Polymerisation with a di-acyl chloride and a Di-ol produces what?
HCl and a polyester
How to form a polyamide
Di-acid + Di-amine
2 polymers used to form nylon-6,6
Hexanedioic acid
Hexane-1,6-diamine
How do polyamides differ when formed from amino acids or from diacid - diamine
Amino acid: alternating n-h and C=O
What does Kevlar make?
Bullet proof vests
What are the monomers that produce Kevlar?
Diamino benzene
Benzene-1,4-Di carboxylic acid
When making Kevlar what monomer can be used instead of benzene-1,4-di carboxylic acid?
Acyl chloride equivalent
Why can condensation polymers be broken down?
Delta positive C on C=O can be attacked by nucleophiles
Technical term for condensation polymers being broken down?
Hydrolysis
What can condensation polymers be broken down by?
An acid (eg HCl) or base (eg NaOH)
Why are condensation polymers environmentally friendly?
Can be hydrolysed by an acid or base due to delta positive C on C=O which can be attacked by nucleophiles
(Therefore biodegrades)
What must always be included in a diagram of lab fractional distillation?
Fractionating column
Ice bath
Heat
Can bifunctional molecules form condensation polymers?
Yep
For bifunctional molecules, how do you arrange to molecule to draw the repeating unit?
Put functional groups on each end
Name 2 uses for condensation polymers
Why are they a good basis for these materials?
Preparation of plastic bottles for fizzy drinks and fabrics
Biodegradable (susceptible to hydrolysis)
Why are alkanes un reactive
They have only strong, non-polar C-H and C-C
Not naturally broken down
How are addition polymers disposed of?
Landfill
Melted down and remoulded
3 problems with burning poly(alkenes)
Produces
CO2 (greenhouse gas)
CO (toxic gas)
Carbon (exacerbates asthma)
What are the advantages of recycling polymers?
All plastic derived from crude oil so recycling saves using this non-renewable resource and the energy needed to refine it
If not recycled usually ends up in landfills
What are the disadvantages of recycling?
Plastics needed to be collected, transported and sorted which uses energy (CO2 produced) and man power (expensive)
Why are condensation polymers biodegradable?
The delta positive C of C=O can be attacked by nucleophiles
Poly(alkenes) are made from additional polymerisation. True or false?
False
It is “addition” polymerisation not “additional”
Common name for polyesters
Terylene
What is a common name for polyamide?
Kevlar
Or
Nylon
What is the mechanism involved in addition polymerisation
A Free radical mechanism
What is used to make terylene
What else is produced
Benzene -1,4 - di carboxylic acid
And
Ethane-1,2- diol
Water
Catalyst for condensation polymerisation to occur
Strong acid or specific enzyme
Does nylon have a benzene ring
NO
Monomers of Kevlar
Benzene -1,4- diamine
Benzene -1,4- di carboxylic acid
