Mechanisms Flashcards by Jade Rayquaza

Q

Mechanism for acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

A

Nucleophilic addition elimination

H2O

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Q

Acyl chloride to amide

A

Nucleophilic addition elimination

NH3

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Q

Acyl chloride to N-substituted amide

A

Nucleophilic addition elimination

CH3NH2

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Q

Acyl chloride to Ester

A

Nucleophilic addition elimination

CH3OH

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Q

Carboxylic acid + alcohol

A

Esterification

Conc H2SO4

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Q

Ester to carboxylic acid and alcohol

A

Acid hydrolysis

H2O and conc H2SO4

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Q

Ester to sodium salt

A

Basic hydrolysis

NaOH

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Q

Benzene to a phenyl ketone

A

Electrophilic substitution

AlCl3 catalyst

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Q

Benzene to nitrobenzene

A

Electrophilic substitution

Conc HNO3
Conc H2SO4

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Q

Nitrobenzene to amino benzene

What is produced

A

Reduction
Sn and H2

Amino benzene and H2O

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Q

Anime to quarternary ammonium salt

A

Nucleophilic substitution

Excess haloalkane

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Q

Alcohol to ketone

A

Oxidation

Acidified potassium dichromate

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Q

Which mechanism uses NaBH4?

A

Nucleophilic addition

Eg reduction of a ketone to an alcohol

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Q

Ketone to nitrile

A

Nucleophilic additon

KCN and HCl

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Q

Nitrile to amine

A

Reduction / catalytic hydrogenation

H2 and Ni

ONLY USE [H] IF THEY SAY otherwise use H2

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Q

Ketone to alcohol

A

Nucleophilic addition
Reduction
NaBH4

Q

Alkene to haloalkane

A

Electrophilic addition

HBr

Q

Alkene to dibromo-haloalkane

A

Electrophilic addition

Br2

Q

Haloalkane to alkene

A

Elimination
NaoH
Hot dissolved in ethanol

Q

Haloalkane to nitrile

A

Nucleophilic substitution

KCN aqueous

Q

Haloalkane to amine

A

Nucleophilic substitution

Excess NH3

Q

Why excess NH3

A

To prevent further substitution

Q

Haloalkane to alcohol

A

Nucleophilic substitution
NaOH
Warm aqueous

Q

Alcohol to aldehyde

A

Oxidation
Acidified potassium dichromate
Distillation

Q

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A

Oxidation
Acidified potassium dichromate
Reflux

Q

Alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

Oxidation
Acidified potassium dichromate
Reflux

Q

Alkene to alkyl hydrogen sulphate

A

Electrophilic addition

Conc H2SO4

Q

Alkyl hydrogen sulphate to alcohol

A

Hydrolysis

H2O

Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

Elimination (dehydration)

Conc H2SO4

Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

Electrophilic addition
H2O and conc H2SO4

Also called hydration

Q

Addition polymerisation

A

High temp

high pressure