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Organic Chemistry > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What is organic chemistry?

A

The Chemistry of carbon containing compounds

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2
Q

Why does carbon form vast numbers of compounds?

A

It can form strong covalent bonds with itself

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3
Q

What do the physical and chemical properties of organic compounds depend on?

A

The number and arrangement of carbon atoms in the molecule

The functional group of the compound

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4
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A specific atom/group of atoms which give certain physical and chemical properties to the molecule

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5
Q

Define homologous series

A

Organic compounds with the same functional group but different number of C atoms

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6
Q

Give the 4 main characteristics of a homologous series

A

Same general formula

Similar chemical properties

Trend in physical properties

One differs from the next by CH2

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7
Q

Give the general formula of alkanes

A

Cn H2n+2

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8
Q

Give the general formula of cycloalkanes

A

Cn C2n

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9
Q

Give the general formula of alkenes

A

Cn H2n

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10
Q

Give the functional group of Haloalkanes

A

|
-C-halogen
|

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11
Q

Give the suffix for alkanes

A

-ane

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12
Q

Give the prefix/ suffix for cycloalkanes

A

Cyclo…ane

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13
Q

Give the prefix/ suffix for alkenes

What is the functional group

A

-ene

C=C

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14
Q

Give the prefix/ suffix for haloalkanes

A 
Fluoro- 
Chloro 
Bromo-
Iodo-  
                    -ane
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15
Q

Give the prefix/ suffix for alcohols

What is the functional group

A

___ ol

OR

hydroxy_____

-OH

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16
Q

Give the prefix/ suffix for aldehydes

Give the functional group

A

___al

-C=O
|
H

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17
Q

Give the prefix/ suffix for ketones

What is the functional group

A

_____one

 C
 |
C=O
 |
C
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18
Q

Give the prefix/ suffix for carboxylic acids

Give the functional group

A

___oic acid

-C=O
|
OH

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19
Q

Give the prefix/ suffix for acyl chlorides

Give the functional group

A

___oyl chloride

O
|| R-C-Cl
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20
Q

Give the prefix/ suffix for acid anhydrides

A

-anoic anhydride

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21
Q

Give the prefix/ suffix for esters

Give functional group

A

-yl ___anoate

O 
|| R-C-OR’
22
Q

Give the prefix/ suffix for nitriles

Give the functional group

A

-ane nitrile

N
|||
C-

23
Q

Give the prefix/ suffix for amines

Give the functional group

A

___yl amine

OR

Amino____ ane

|
C-NH2
|

24
Q

Give the prefix/ suffix for amides

Give the functional group

A

-amide

O
|| R-C-NH2
25
Q

Give the prefix/ suffix for N-substituted amides

A

N- ___ yl -anamide

Eg N-methyl ethanamide

26
Q

Give the functional group for N substituted amides

A 
O
    ||
R-C-N-R’
         |
        H
27
Q

Give the prefix/ suffix for aromatics

A

Phenyl____

OR

  • benzene
28
Q

Give the functional group for acid anhydrides

A

O O
|| ||
R-C-O-C-R

29
Q

Define molecule formula

A

Shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a compound

30
Q

Define empirical formula

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

31
Q

Define structural formula

A

Show how the atoms are joined together in a molecule

32
Q

Define displayed formula

A

Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule

33
Q

Define skeletal formula

A

Uses lines to represent bonds
Each point represents a C atom
H atoms and bonds to them are not usually shown unless part of a functional group

34
Q

How to remember order of methyl, ethyl etc

A

Monkeys
Eat
Peanut
Butter

35
Q

What order are prefixes put into?

Are di, tri, tetra, etc taken into account

A

Alphabetical

No

36
Q

If more than one of the same functional group is present what do you use for nomenclature

A 
2- di
3- tri
4- tetra
5- penta
6- hexa
37
Q

Define structural isomerism

A

Same molecular formula but different structural formula

38
Q

Define stereoisomerism

A

Same structural formula but a different arrangement in space

39
Q

3 kinds of structural isomerism

A

Chain
Position
Functional group

40
Q

2 types of stereoisomers

A

Geometric

Optical

41
Q

Define chain isomerism

A

Same molecular formula but different length Carbon chain

42
Q

Define position isomer

A

Same molecular formula and same length C chain but functional group is attached at different positions along the chain

43
Q

Define functional group isomerism

A

Same molecular formula but different functional group

44
Q

Define a) general formula

b) Molecular formula

c) empirical formula

A

Shows the number of atoms of each element in a substance with n carbon atoms

Shows the actual number of atoms of each element

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element

45
Q

Define structural formula

Define displayed formula

A

Shows how the atoms are joined together in a molecule

Shows every atom and every bone in the molecule

46
Q

What does IUPAC stand for

A

International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry

47
Q

What are priority rules for E Z

A

Stage 1: consider atomic number of atoms on left side carbon of C=C
High atomic number takes priority
If both atoms the same consider atoms 1 bond further away. Atom with higher atomic number takes priority

Stage 2: repeat for RHS
Stage 3: if Priority on the same side =Z of on opposite = E

48
Q

How are stereoisomers used in biology?

A

Enzymes catalysed reactions result in stereospecific products

eg (+) glucose can be digested but (-) glucose cannot
One enantiomer of aspartic acid tastes sweet whereas the other tastes bitter
DRUGS - (lock and key model)

49
Q

How would you overcome the problem of a racemic mixture for drugs?

A

Separate isomers which is difficult because they have the same chemical properties

Sell the drug as a mixture (but half is useless)

Only make the required isomer

50
Q

What was the problem for thalidomide?

A

The body could convert the useful enantiomer into the dangerous one naturally

Organic Chemistry (12 decks)

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