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Chemistry (Organic) > Polymers > Flashcards

Polymers Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of polymers

A

Condensation
Addition

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2
Q

What are the 3 main types of condensation polymers

A

Polypeptides
Polyamides
Polyesters

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3
Q

What is condensation polymerisation

A

Where 2 different monomers with at least 2 different functional groups react together and form a link, whilst also releasing water

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4
Q

Where are polypeptides found

A

In proteins

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5
Q

How are polyamides formed

A

By reacting diamines and dicarboxylic acids together

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6
Q

How are polyesters formed

A

By reacting a diol and a dicarboxylic acid together

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7
Q

What is the link called in a polyamide

A

Amide link

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8
Q

Why do we need a DIamide and a DIcarboxylic acid to form a polyamide

A

To allow for links to be formed on either side of the molecule and for chains do be formed

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9
Q

Which bonds break in a dicarboxylic acid when it reacts with a diol

A

The 2 C-OH bonds

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10
Q

Which bonds break in a diol when it reacts with a dicarboxylic acid

A

The 2 O-H bonds

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11
Q

Which bonds break in a dicarboxylic acid when it reacts with a diamine

A

The 2 C-OH bonds

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12
Q

Which bond breaks in a diamine when it reacts with a dicarboxylic acid

A

One of the N-H bonds on either side of the molecule

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13
Q

How many water molecules are released when we form a polyamide

A

2

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14
Q

Draw the structure of an amide link

A
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15
Q

What type of polymer is Kevlar

A

A polyamide

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16
Q

Give 2 uses of kevlar

A

Bulletproof vests
Car tyres

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17
Q

What are the monomers of kevlar

A

Benzene-1,4-dioic acid
Benzene-1,4-diamine

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18
Q

Draw the structure of Benzene-1,4-dioic acid

A
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19
Q

Draw the structure of Benzene-1,4-diamine

A
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20
Q

Draw the repeating unit of kevlar

A

+water

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21
Q

What are the monomers of nylon-6,6

A

Hexane-1,6-dioc acid
Hexane-1,6-diamine

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22
Q

Draw the structure of Hexane-1,6-dioc acid

A
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23
Q

Draw the structure of Hexane-1,6-diamine

24
Q

Draw the repeating unit of Nylon-6,6

A

n in corner

25
Q

What type of link is formed when a dicarboxylic acid and a diol react

A

Ester link

26
Q

Draw the structure of an ester link

27
Q

What is the acronym for terylene

28
Q

Give 2 uses of terylene

A

Plastic bottles
Sheets

29
Q

What are the monomers of terylene

A

Benzene-1,4-dioc acid
Ethane-1,2-diol

30
Q

What type of polymer is terylene

31
Q

What type of polymer is nylon-6,6

32
Q

Draw the structure of Benzene-1,4-dioic acid

33
Q

Draw the structure of Ethane-1,2-diol

34
Q

Draw the repeating unit of terylene

35
Q

How do we return from a condensation polymer to its original polymer

A

Add 2nH2O

n being the number of repeating units in the polymer

36
Q

Why do condensation polymers tend to be stronger than addition polymers

A

They contain polar bonds, which means hydrogen bonds can arise between Os and Hs, which are stronger than the VDW forces in addition polymers

37
Q

Why are condensation polymers better for the environment than addition polymers

A

They are broken down by hydrolysis (slowly) meaning they are biodegradable

38
Q

How do we name addition polymers

39
Q

Give 1 use of Polyethene

A

Plastic bags

40
Q

Give 1 use of Polypropene

A

Rigid containers

41
Q

Give 1 use of Polychloroethene (PVC)

A

Guttering
Leather look fabrics

42
Q

What is the function of a plasticiser in a polymer

A

Plasticiser allows the polymer chains to slide over each other more easily
More plasticiser = more flexible material

43
Q

Why do addition polymers have much higher boiling points than their monomers

A

Polymers have much higher boiling points than the alkenes monomers they are made from because polymers are long chain molecules and therefore have stronger Van der Waal’s forces between the molecules

44
Q

Explain why addition polymers are non biodegradable

A

Due to the strong, non-polar C-C bonds
Therefore can’t be hydrolysed

45
Q

Explain why condensation polymers are biodegradable

A

Polyesters contain polar C=O and C−O bonds
Polyamides contain polar C=O and C−N bonds
these bonds are susceptible to nucleophilic attack
therefore can be hydrolysed

46
Q

Give 2 advantages of landfill as a waste management solution

A

Quick and cheap as infrastructure already present
Condensation polymers can degrade over time

47
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of landfill as a waste management solution

A

Limited availability of land
CO2 production from transportation of waste

48
Q

Give 2 advantages of incineration as a waste management solution

A

Reduces the amount of space for landfills
Heat energy released during combustion
can be used to generate electricity

49
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of incineration as a waste management solution

A

Combustion produces green house gases, toxic gases and
particulates

50
Q

How are toxic gasses removed before entering the atmosphere after the incineration of waste

A

This is done by heating the gases
to a high temperature

51
Q

Give 2 advantages of recycling as a waste management solution

A
  • Plastics originate from crude oil (non-renewable)

Recycling saves raw materials
Less overall energy/cost required, compared to starting from crude oil

52
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of recycling as a waste management solution

A

Difficult/costly to collect/sort the plastic
Energy used for melting plastics for recycling most likely comes from the burning of fossil fuels

53
Q

What type of intermolecular forces do polyamides have

A

Able to make hydrogen bonds

54
Q

What type of intermolecular forces do polyesters have

A

Permeant dipole - dipole between polymer chains

55
Q

What type of intermolecular forces do polyalkenes have

A

Van der Waal’s forces between the molecules

Chemistry (Organic) (14 decks)

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