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Envi Sci > Pollution > Flashcards

Pollution Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the cause of the London smog of 1952

A

London is in a slight valley
December 1952, a five day period happened when anticyclonic conditions occurred, clear skies low wind velocity.
Temp inversion formed, atmospheric pollutants increased

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2
Q

Describe the effects of the London smog of 1952

A

Temperature inversions formed, atmospheric pollutant levels rose
12 thousand deaths occurred and thousands of respiratory illnesses such as bronchitis occurred

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3
Q

Describe the features of the clean air act of 1956

A

Restricted use of fuels producing smoke
Increase use of natural gas and electricity
Diesel particulate filters fitted in engines

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4
Q

Which 2 pollutants cause acid rain?

A

SO2, NO x
Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides

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5
Q

Which five pollutants cause gcc?

A

Co2, CH4, CFCS, NOx, tropospheric ozone

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6
Q

Which 4 pollutants cause photochemical smogs?

A

NOx, PANS, hydrocarbons, tropospheric ozone.

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7
Q

What pollutant can be treated by dry flue gas?

A

Sulfur dioxide

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8
Q

What pollutant are electrostatic precipitators used to treat?

A

Smoke/particulate matter

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9
Q

What pollutant is bacterial remediation used to treat?

A

Metal ions

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10
Q

What pollutant is tertiary sewage treatment used to eradicate?

A

Phosphates

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11
Q

What is vitrification used to treat?

A

Storage of high level radioactive waste

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12
Q

Describe the differences between smoke and photochemical smogs

A

Electromagnetic radiation for smoke smogs is visible light, photochemical smogs are uv light
Smoke smogs involve fog whereas photochemicals don’t
Smoke smogs involve particulate matter whilst photochemical smogs involve NOx and hydrocarbons.

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13
Q

Name three factors influencing a temperature inversion

A

Valleys trap the pollution in a concentrated area
Low wind velocity so the pollutant is not dispersed
Anticyclonic weather-Cloudless skies and fog/mist during the day

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14
Q

How have ship tanker designs changed to reduce the risk of oil pollution

A

Double hulls- reduce risk of an oil spill, if ship were to crash it would have an extra protective layer
Separate oil and ballast tanks, preventing oil being released into the ocean along with ballast water

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15
Q

How have changes in ship tanker operations helped to reduce oil spills?

A

Improved navigation systems enable ships to more easily detect and avoid hazards
Improved shipping routes, ensure that ships do not sail too close to coastlines where they could potentially crash

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16
Q

Name three factors effecting pollutant distribution

A

State of matter
Persistence
Density
Solubility

17
Q

What are some of the causes of lead pollution?

A

Lead soldering, lead pipes, paint fishing weights shotgun pellets

18
Q

Why is lead particularly dangerous

A

Neurotoxic
Liposoluble
Persistent, likely to biomagnify/accumulate

19
Q

How can lead pollution be reduced

A

Copper pipes
Lead free solder
Ban lead paint

20
Q

Describe the effects of acid mine drainage

A

Oxidation of sulphide ores in mine spoil rocks
Causes water sources to turn orange/more turbid and ph lowers

21
Q

How can acid mine drainage be controlled?

A

Neutralisation with lime powder to decrease acidity

22
Q

Difference between biomagnification and bio accumulation

A

Magnification is increased concentrations up trophic levels
Accumulation is increased concentration within organism as it is absorbed faster than it is excreted

23
Q

How are photochemical smogs formed?

A

When nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds react with sunlight

24
Q

What pollutant do activated carbon filters control?

A

Hydrocarbons

25
Q

What pollutant do bag filters control?

A

PM10

26
Q

What three pollutants do catalytic converters control?

A

Hydrocarbons, NOX, carbon monoxide

27
Q

What pollutant do cyclone separators control?

A

Smoke

28
Q

What pollutant do electrostatic precipitators control?

A

Smoke

29
Q

What pollution caused impact does fuel desulphurisation control?

A

Reduced Acid rain

30
Q

What pollution caused impact does flue gas desulphurisation control?

A

Acid rain

31
Q

What pollutant do urea sprays control?

A

NOX

Envi Sci (15 decks)

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