Conservation Of Biodiversity

Question 1

Name 4 new foods for potential commercial cultivation

Answer 1

Bison, Eland, perennial maize, potato bean.

Question 2

Name 2 different instances of biomimetic influences in vehicle design.

Answer 2

Reduced drag in planes, bird wingtip feathers, aircraft wingtip fins.
Humpback whale fins, ship rudders, improved manoeuvrability.

Question 3

Name two different instances of how new medicine species have been developed from plants

Answer 3

Poppies for morphine and codeine, willow for aspirin.

Question 4

Name two reasons why animals are more useful than humans in physiological research

Answer 4

Specific adaptations may help with particular research projects.
Squid nerve function-research into epilepsy, Alzheimer’s etc.

Question 5

Name an example of how a non-native herbivore was introduced to another country in order to control a pest species.

Answer 5

Cactoblastis moths to control prickly pear cacti populations in Australia.

Question 6

Name an example of how a species can be useful in controlling parasites.

Answer 6

Parasitic wasps used to control whitefly populations to protect tomato crops.

Question 7

Name 3 examples of desired characteristics being bred into a crop species through the use of crop wild relatives.

Answer 7

Salt tolerant rice
Disease resistant sugar cane
Drought resistant cacao

Question 8

How can woodland clearance have an effect on the biodiversity of local plants?

Answer 8

High light levels can destroy low light dwelling woodland plants such as bluebells, wood anemone and ferns.

Question 9

How can oxygen availability affect the biodiversity of local aquatic species?

Answer 9

Deoxygenation of water can cause death in aquatic species that require high oxygen levels such as trout and mayfly larvae.

Question 10

How can acid mine drainage effecting local water ph cause damage to aquatic species?

Answer 10

Low ph kills invertebrates with exoskeletons and organisms with exposed cell membranes e.g fish eggs and fish gills.

Question 11

Name two instances of invasive species and the type of species they threaten

Answer 11

American mink killing water voles in the uk, rats killing ground nesting birds on Islands such as New Zealand.

Question 12

What are the key features of the wildlife and countryside act 1981?

Answer 12

Designated areas were enabled such as sssi’s.
Protection of wild birds and their nests.
Protection of mammals, eg hazel dormouse
Uprooting wild plants is illegal without the permission of the land owner.

Question 13

What is a RAMSAR site?

Answer 13

A wetland site designated to be of international importance under the ramsar convention.

Question 14

How does the convention on international trade of endangered species, (CITIES). Protect species using appendix one and two?

Answer 14

There are two main appendixes which consist of the laws:
1: no international trade
Appendix 2: limited trade permitted in areas where the population is well conserved.

Question 15

What is the IWC?

Answer 15

The international whaling commission

Question 16

What is the EU CFP?

Answer 16

The European Union common fisheries policy

Question 17

What is the ITTO?

Answer 17

International tropical timber organisation

Question 18

Name an example of a difficulty involved in habitat size when keeping animals in captivity

Answer 18

Many shark species require more space than can be provided, many sharks need to swim to be able to breathe, for instance Basking sharks.

Question 19

Name an example of a difficulty in disease risk when keeping animals in captivity

Answer 19

Cheetahs are vulnerable to the feline herpes virus, and so require vaccination, isolation of infected individuals etc.

Question 20

What is the typical temperature range of a tropical coral reef?

Answer 20

23-29 degrees Celsius

Question 21

What is the typical latitude of tropical coral reefs?

Answer 21

Around 30 degrees north and south of the equator

Question 22

How do the two types of corals get their energy to photosynthesise?

Answer 22

Deep water corals get their food from their cilia.
Tropical corals get 95% of their food from photosynthetic algae

Question 23

Explain how debt for nature swaps work

Answer 23

A charity org, government or other NGO partially pays or cancels debt in return for the cancellation of the remaining debt. Country that owed the debt agrees to protect a new reserve.

Question 24

Name 2 examples of establishments of protected areas.

Answer 24

Korup national park, Cameroon.
Tumucumaque n.p Brazil.

Question 25

Name an example of sustainable exploitation of a natural resource.

Answer 25

Rio bravo reserve-Belize.
Selective logging is permitted, not clear felling.
Smaller trees are left to grow longer.

Question 26

Name two examples of established areas that protect coral reef ecosystems.

Answer 26

Great Barrier Reef national park, Australia.
Hol chan marine reserve, Belize.

Question 27

What is the term for a high salt level thriving plant species?

Answer 27

A halophyte

Question 28

What is an edge species

Answer 28

Evolutionary distinct and globally endangered

Question 29

What is CITIES and how does it protect wildlife

Answer 29

Convention on international trade of endangered species
Appendix one involves the ban of all international trade of endangered species
Appendix two allows some managed trade on species in areas where they are well conserved

Question 30

Name two examples of deep water coral conservation efforts

Answer 30

Darwin mounds SAC off the NW coast of Scotland
Osculina bank off the coast of Florida