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Natscie > Pollution > Flashcards

Pollution Flashcards

1
Q

is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment

A

Pollution

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2
Q

can be natural or can be created by human activity

A

Pollutants

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3
Q

Chemicals and oils from factories are sometimesdumped or seep into waterways

A

Runoff

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4
Q

Things that are useful to people that produce pollution.

A
  1. Cars spew pollutants from their exhaust pipes.
  2. Burning coal to create electricity pollutes the air.
  3. Industries and homes generate garbage and sewage that can pollute the land and water.
  4. Pesticides- chemical poisons used to kill weeds ad insects- seep into waterways and harm wildlife.
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5
Q

Facts about Pollution

A
  1. All living things- from one celled microbes to blue whales- depend on Earth’s supply of air water.
  2. When these resources are polluted, all forms of life are threatened.
  3. Pollution is a global problem. It can spread to remote places where no people live.
  4. Air and water can carry pollution.
  5. Ocean currents and migrating fish carry marine pollutants far and wide.
  6. Winds can pick up radioactive material accidentally release from a nuclear reactor and scatter it around the world.
  7. Smoke from factories in one country drifts into another country.
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6
Q

Types of Pollution

A

Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Land Pollution
Noise Pollution
Light Pollution

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7
Q
  • refers to the release of pollutants into the air that is detrimental to human health and the planet as a whole.
    • it is not only chemicals in the atmosphere BUT chemicals that have bad health effects.
A

Air pollution

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8
Q

If they are affecting us negatively, we call them?

A

Pollutants

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9
Q
  • they are emitted directly into the atmosphere by a particular source
A

Primary Air Pollutions

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10
Q
  • such as gasses from evaporating gasoline
A

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

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11
Q

an odorless gas that is produced by combustion

A

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

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12
Q

Nox

A

which includes nitric oxide (NO) and Nitrogen dioxide (〖𝑁𝑂〗_2)

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13
Q

produced through the combustion of coal.

A

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

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14
Q

small suspended particles

A

Particulate Matter (PM)

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15
Q

use to add to our gasoline.

A

Lead

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16
Q

are emitted by the burning of fossil fuels or other materials that contain sulfur.

A

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

  • Sulfur dioxide can damage trees and plants, inhibit plant growth, and damage sensitive ecosystems and waterways. It also can contribute to respiratory illness and aggravate existing heart and lung conditions
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17
Q

primary pollutants can combine with other chemicals in the atmosphere and produce secondary pollutants

A

Secondary Air Pollution

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18
Q

𝑁𝑂𝑥

A

can produce nitric acid (〖𝐻𝑁𝑂〗_3)

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19
Q

can produce sulfuric acid

A

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

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20
Q

which is produced through chemical reactions between nitrogen dioxide, VOCs and sunlight

A

Ozone O3

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21
Q

Sources of Pollution

A
  • They can be produced naturally such as from forest fires, volcanoes, and sandstorms.
  • They can also come from stationary sources. (You can think of those as industries such as factories)
  • Mobile sources such as cars and buses.
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22
Q

the stratosphere, ozone is produced naturally to block harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun.

A

Good Ozone

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23
Q

the troposphere, ground-level ozone largely contributes to smog.

A

Bad Ozone

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24
Q

Are small particles that as you breathe them in, the hairs in your nose and respiratory tract do not trap them

A

Particulate Matter

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25
Q

It goes into your lungs and just like smoking, it is stuck there and can lead to other types of diseases

A

Particulate Matter (PM)

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26
Q

Which we used to add to our gasoline, had huge neurological impacts

A

Lead

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27
Q

Nitrogen and Sulfur can lead to ____ and ____ and these contribute to acid rain

A

Nitric acid, sulfuric acid

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28
Q

Can dissolve statues

A

Acid rain

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29
Q

How does air pollution affect you health?

A

AP affects you health based on the length of time you are exposed, your health status, and the concentration of pollutants

• Make it harder to breath
•Irritate your respiratory system
• Aggravate asthma symptoms or heart conditions.

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30
Q

Composed of a mixture of a air pollutants that can endanger human health

A

Smog

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31
Q

Occur when harmful substances—–often chemicals or microorganism—contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, or othet body of water, degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to humans or the environment

A

Water Pollution

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32
Q

sometimes caused by nature, such as when mercury filters from the Earth’s crust, polluting oceans, rivers, lakes, canals and reservoirs

A

Water Pollution

33
Q

the most common cause of poor-quality water

A

Human Activity

34
Q

Causes of Water Pollution

A

Global Warming
Deforestation
Industry, agriculture, and livestock farming
Rubbish and fecal water dumping
Maritime traffic
Fuel spillages

35
Q

Rising global temperatures caused by CO2 emissions heat the water, reducing its oxygen content.

A

Global Warming

36
Q

Felling forests can exhaust water resources and generate organic residue which becomes a breeding ground for harmful bacteria.

A

Deforestation

37
Q

Chemical dumping from these sectors is one of the main causes of the eutrophication of water.

A

Industry, Agriculture, livestock farming

38
Q

The UN says that more than 80% of the world’s sewage finds its way into seas and rivers untreated

A

Rubbish and fecal water dumping

39
Q

Much of the plastic pollution in the ocean comes from fishing boats, tankers and cargo shipping.

A

Maritime Traffic

40
Q

The transportation and storage of oil and its derivatives is subject to leakage that pollutes our water resources.

A

Fuel Spillages

41
Q

Effects of Water Pollution

A

Destruction of Biodiversity
Contamination of the food chain
Lack of potable water
disease
Infant mortality

42
Q

Water pollution depletes aquatic ecosystems and triggers unbridled proliferation of phytoplankton in lakes — eutrophication —.

A

Destruction of Biodiversity

43
Q

Fishing in polluted waters and the use of wastewater for livestock farming and agriculture can introduce toxins into foods that are harmful to our health when eaten.

A

Contamination of the food chain

44
Q

The UN says that billions of people around the world have no access to clean water to drink or sanitation, particularly in rural areas.

A

Lack of potable water

45
Q

The WHO estimates that about 2 billion people have no option but to drink water contaminated by excrement, exposing them to diseases such as cholera, hepatitis A and dysentery.

A

Disease

46
Q

According to the UN, diarrheal diseases linked to lack of hygiene cause the death of about 1,000 children a day worldwide.

A

Infant Mortality

47
Q

refers to the deterioration of the earth’s land surfaces, at and below ground level.

A

Land Pollution

48
Q

The cause is the accumulation of solid and liquid waste materials that contaminate groundwater and soil. These waste materials are often referred to as?

A

Municipal Solid Waste

49
Q

Causes of Land Pollution

A

Litter
Urbanization and Construction
Mining
Agriculture

50
Q

4 Categories of Waste

A

Municipal Solid Waste
Industrial Waste
Agricultural Waste
Hazardous Waste

51
Q

the improper disposal of waste products is unfortunately common.

A

Littering

52
Q
  • is not in itself littering, large quantities of people living, producing trash and littering in a dense area does inevitably lead to land pollution.
  • To accommodate this increased population, construction activities also occur, which result in large waste materials, such as metal, plastic, wood, and bricks. When these materials are not properly disposed of, it contributes to the land pollution of that area.
A

Urbanization and Construction

53
Q
  • the extraction of minerals and other geological materials from the ground
  • This extraction and the methods used, however, deplete the earth of its natural resources and cause damage and pollution in its wake.
A

Mining

54
Q
  • occurs when contamination created as a by-product of raising livestock and growing food crops is released into the environment, and the contamination is vast.
  • foundational for both everyday life, as well as the economy as a whole.
A

Agriculture

55
Q

Effects of Land Pollution

A
  • Water that isn’t safe to drink
  • Polluted soil, which leads to a loss of fertile land for agriculture
  • Climate change, which causes an onslaught of disastrous problems, including flash floods and irregular rainfalls
  • The endangerment and extinction of species in wildlife
  • Habitat shifting, where some animals are forced to flee where they live in order to survive
  • An increase in wildfires, due to polluted areas often becoming very dry
  • Increased air pollution, which burning waste contributes to increased soil pollutants can enter the body through the food chain, and cause health issues
56
Q
  • The inappropriate or excessive use of artificial light.
    -a side effect of industrial civilization.
A

Light Pollution

57
Q

Sources of Light Pollution

A
  • building exterior and interior lighting
  • Advertising
  • Commercial properties
  • Offices
  • Factories
  • Streetlights
  • illuminated sporting venues.
58
Q

Bad effects of light pollution

A
  • washes out the view of the Universe
  • increasing energy consumption
  • interferes with astronomical research
  • disrupts ecosystems
  • affects the health and safety of humans and wildlife.
59
Q

Components of light pollution

A

Glare
Skyglow
Light Trespass
Clutter

60
Q

excessive brightness that causes visual discomfort.

A

Glare

61
Q

brightening of the night sky over inhabited areas

A

Skyglow

62
Q

light falling where it is not intended or needed.

A

Light Trespass

63
Q

bright, confusing and excessive groupings of light sources

A

Clutter

64
Q
  • any unwanted or disturbing sound that affects the health and well-being of humans and other organisms.

-is an invisible danger but it is present nonetheless, both on land and under the sea.

A

Noise Pollution

65
Q

Sound Threshold (measured in DECIBELS)

A

rustling leaves (20 to 30 decibels)
thunderclap (120 decibels)
wail of a siren (120 to 140 decibels).

66
Q

Sounds that reach ______ or higher can harm a person’s ears

A

85 decibels

67
Q

Impact of Noise Pollution in Human Health

A

Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). (most common health problem)

68
Q

Exposure to loud noise can also cause

A

high blood pressure
heart disease
sleep disturbances, and
stress.

69
Q

Impacts to the health and well-being of wildlife

A

caterpillars’ dorsal vessels (the insect equivalent of a heart) to beat faster
cause bluebirds to have fewer chicks
animals find difficulty in navigating, finding food, attract mates, and avoid predators.
excess noise interferes with their ability to effectively echolocate

i.e. Ships, oil drills,sonardevices, andseismictests

70
Q

a device that uses sound waves to detect objects

A

Sonar

71
Q

Causes of Pollution

A

Natural Pollution
Man-made Pollution

72
Q

the causes are derived often from earthquakes, floods, drought, cyclones, etc.

A

Natural Pollution

73
Q

Pollution caused by human activities

A

Man-made (Anthropogenic)

74
Q

is an unofficial unit of geologic time, used to describe the most recent period in Earth’s history when human activity started to have a significant impact on the planet’s climate and ecosystems.

A

Anthropocene Epoch

75
Q

“recent age of man”

A

Anthropocene

76
Q

abundance of property; to have a large amount of something, most often money

A

Affluence

77
Q

also called an industrialized country—has a mature and sophisticated economy, usually measured by gross domestic product (GDP) and/or average income per resident. Have advanced technological infrastructure and have diverse industrial and service sectors

A

Developed Country

78
Q

Main Causes of Environmental Pollution

A

Population Growth
Increase General Affluence and Economic Growth
Nature of Modern Technology
Deforestation
Agriculture Development
Industrial Development
Urbanization
Coal Burnt Thermal Power Plants

Natscie (4 decks)

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