pollination syndromes Flashcards
bee
color: blue, purple, yellow
scent: fresh, strong
flowering time: day
corolla: bilateral landing platform
reward: nectar and/or pollen
butterfly
color: bright, often red
scent: fresh, weak
flowering time: day
corolla: landing platform; sometimes nectar spurs
reward: nectar only
moth
color: white or pale (easier to locate at night)
scent: sweet, strong
flowering time: night/dusk
corolla: dissected; sometimes nectar spurs
reward: nectar only
fly (reward)
color: light
scent: faint
flowering time: day
corolla: radial, shallow
reward: nectar and/or pollen
fly (carrion)
color: brownish, purplish
scent: rotten, strong
flowering time: day or night
corolla: enclosed or open
reward: none
beetle
color: often green or white
scent: various, strong
flowering time: day or night
corolla: enclosed or open
reward: nectar and/or pollen
bird
color: bright, often red
scent: none
flowering time: day
corolla: tubular or pendant; ovary often inferior
reward: nectar only
bat
color: whitish
scent: musky, strong
flowering time: night
corolla: showy flower or inflorescence
reward: nectar and/or pollen
non-flying mammals
color: dull-colored
scent: unscented to variously strong
flowering time: night
corolla: robust; exserted styles and stamina
reward: copious pollen and/or nectar
- -broad range of characteristics
- -differences in morphology and foraging behavior
- -primates: unscented and very large
- -marsupials: in forest canopy
- -rodents: close to grounds, yeasty odor
blue flower
bee
purple flower
bee or fly (carrion)
yellow flower
bee
bright flowers
bee (yellow)
butterfly
bird (red)
red flowers
butterfly
bird
white flowers
moth
fly (reward)
beetle
bat
dull flowers
nonflying mammals
strong scented flowers
bee moth fly (carrion) bat nonflying mammals
unscented flowers
bird
nonflying mammals