Polity Flashcards
Constitution of parliament as per article 79 of the constitution shall be consisting of
- President, Vice President, Council of states and the House of the people
- President, Council of states and the House of the people
- President, Vice president, Prime Minister, Council of states and House of the people
- Council of States and house of the people
The correct answer is the President, the Council of states and the House of the people.
Key Points
• Article 79 provides that there shall be a Parliament for the Union, which shall consist of the President and two houses to be known as the Council of States (Rajya Sabha or Upper house) and the House
of the People (Lok Sabha or Lower House).
• Parliament makes legislation.
• Parliament has financial control over the executive, and it is the sole authority to raise the taxes
Additional Information
• Article 52 provides that there shall be a President of India.
• Article 53 provides that all the executive powers of the Union shall be vested in the president
Article 54 & 55 consists of dealing with the election of the president are Provided
Article 61 deals with the impeachment of the President
Article 72 deals with the Powers of the President.
Which part of the constitution is concerned with the administration of union territories?
- Part 5
- Part 6
- Part 7
- Part 8
The correct answer is Part 8
The Union government directly governs the union territories.
• Part 8 of the constitution deals with the administration of union territories.
• Lieutenant governor or administrator is appointed by President for the administration of union territories.
® Key Points
• The President is elected by the ruling party at the central and state level.
• The central government will is followed by union territories.
• In the original version of the constitution, there was no concept of union territories.
• The concept of union territories was added by the 7th constitutional amendment act 1956.
• In governing union territories, there exist differences depending upon whether there is a legislative assembly or not in that union territory.
• The smaller union territories are directly governed by the central government.
On which of the following dates, Constituent Assembly of India adopted the National Flag ?
- 22 January 1950
- 24 January 1950
- 22 July, 1947
- 22 July, 1948
The correct answer is 22 July, 1947
® Key Points
• On July 22. 1947, the Constituent Assembly adopted it as Free Indian National Flag
Additional Information
• The design of the Indian tricolour is mainly attributed to Pingali Venkayya, an Indian freedom fighter.
• He proposed a basic design of the flag, consisting of two red and green bands to symbolise the two major communities, Hindus and Muslims
One of the minor committees of the Constituent Assembly, the Ad-hoc Committee on the National Flag was headed by Dr. Rajendra Prasad
The motion proposed that “the National Flag of India shall be horizontal tricolour of deep saffron (kesari), white and dark green in equal proportion.” The white band was to have a wheel in navy blue (the charkha
being replaced by the chakra), which appears on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.
When was the first general elections in Independent India held?
- 1950
- 1951-52
- 1947-48
- 1953
The correct answer is 1951-52
Important Points
• The first general election was held in 1951-52 for over four months.
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o It is from 25 October 1951 to 21 February 1952.
• The elections were based on universal adult franchise ie twenty-one years of age or older having the right to vote.
• There were over 173 million voters, most of them poor illiterate, and rural, and have had no experience of elections
• The first general elections were marked by an active election campaign by Jawaharlal Nehru
• The parties contested 489 seats.
• INC won the elections with 364 seats, as the people voted for the party which was led by Jawaharlal Nehru
The members of the Gram Sabha must be adults. It means they must be of.
- 18 years or more
- 20 years or more
- 21 years or more
- None of the above
The correct answer is 18 years or more
• The members of the Gram Sabha must be adults. It means they must be of 18 years or more.
® Key Points
• Gram Sabha:
o It is a body consisting of persons registered in the electoral rolls of a village comprised within the area of Panchayat at the village level.
o. Thus, it is a village assembly consisting of all the registered voters in the area of a panchayat
• Gram Saba comprises the residing adults ie people above the age of 18 years of the Village.
Additional Information
• Panchayati Raj:
o Article 40 of PSP notifies about the Organisation of village panchayats
o 73rd Amendment Act of 1992:
- The Act gives constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions.
- The Act has added new parts IX and 11th schedules to the constitution.
- 11th Schedule of the Indian Constitution deals with the Power, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats, 29 subjects over which the Panchayats have jurisdiction.
- It is entitled “The Panchayats” and consists of provisions from Articles 243 to 243 (0).
- It contains 29 functional items of the Panchavats and deals with Article 243 (G).
- The main objective behind the establishment of Panchayati Raj Institutions is Social Justice, Economic Empowerment.
How many Gram Panchayats in Bihar under the Panchayati Raj system?
- 8387
- 8236
- 6947
- 7474
In response to the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act 1992 Bihar Panchavati Ra Act 2006 was enacted to strengthen the Panchayati system in the state. • Presently there are 38 Zila Parishad. 534 Panchayat Samities, and 8387 Gram panchayats in Bihar. • Overview of Panchayati Raj Institutions in Bihar:- Panchayati Raj Institutions/ members Number -Zila Parishad - 38 Panchayat Samiti -534 Gram Panchayat -8387 Gram Panchayat Members - 114691 Panchavat Samiti Members - 11497 Zila Parishad Members - 1161 Gram Kachahari Members - 114691 Gram Panchayat Secretary - 3701 Nyaya Mitra - 6947 Gram Kachahari Secretary - 7474 Zila Panchayati Rai Officers - 38 Block Panchayati Ra Officers - 528
Additional Information
• The three-tier Panchayati raj system provides the foundation on which the entire edifice of rural development of India stands.
• It is based on the philosophy that villagers themselves should think, decide and act for their own collective socio-economic interests.
• The three-tier Panchayati raj institution of Bihar are: -
Tier - Level - Chairperson
Gram Panchayat - Village Mukhiya Panchayat Samiti - Block - Pramukh
Zila Parishad - District - Adhyaksha
The joint sitting of the House of People and the Council of States is summoned by
- The President
- Speaker of Lok Sabha
- Parliament
- Chairman of Raiva Sabha
The correct answer is The President
Key Points
• Article 108 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases
o If after a Bill has been passed by one House and transmitted to the other House.
- The Bill is rejected by the other House.
- The Houses have finally disagreed as to the amendments to be made in the Bill.
- More than six months elapse from the date of the reception of the Bill by the other House without the Bill being passed by it.
o The President may, unless the Bill has elapsed by reason of a dissolution of the House of the People, notify to the Houses by message if they are sitting or by public notification if they are not sitting, his
intention to summon them to meet in a joint sitting for the purpose of deliberating and voting on the Bill.
Joint Sitting of Parliament is Summoned by President.
• The Speaker presides over a joint sitting.
• In the absence of the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha presides over it and in his absence, the sitting is presided over by the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
o If any of the above-mentioned people are not available, any Member cu Parliament (MP) can preside over the sitting by consensus of both Houses
o The quorum to constitute a joint sitting: 1/10th of the total number of members of the House.
Additional Information
Joint Sitting of Parliament:
o The Constitution of India provides for a joint session of the Parliament.
o Provision of Joint sitting of parliament is adopted from the Constitution of Austrailia
• India has a bicameral Parliament.
o To pass any bill, both the Houses (the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha) must concur.
o The bill has to be passed by both Houses before the President can give his/her assent
• The founding fathers foresaw situations where there could be a deadlock between both Houses of Parliament.
• Therefore, they provided for a constitutional mechanism to break this deadlock, in the form of joint sittings.
• Provision of Joint sitting is not available in the case of the state legislature.
Bihar Legislative Council was constituted by which of the following act?
- Government of India Act, 1909
- Government of India Act, 1912
- Government of India Act. 1919
- Government of India Act, 1935
The correct answer is Government of India Act. 1912
Key Points
• On 1 April 1912, Charles Stuart Bailey became lieutenant governor of the state of Bihar and Orissa.
• Bihar Legislative Council was constituted b the Government of India Act, 1912 by amending the Indian Council Act, 1861 and 1909 to advise the Lieutenant Governor.
• The Bihar Legislative Council was formed in 1912.
IA
• A new Province of Bihar and Odisha was created by the Government of India on 12 December 1911.
• In 1920 Bihar and Odisha were declared governor provinces, as per the Government of India Act 1919.
The Bihar Legislative Council with a total of 43 members belonging to different categories was formed in 1912.
• The first sitting of the Council was convened on 20 January 1913 at Patna College Bankipore
By which amendment of the Indian Constitution the words Socialist’ and Secular were added to the Preamble?
- 41st Amendment Act. 1976
- 42nd Amendment Act. 1976
- 44th Amendment Act, 1978
- 43rd Amendment Act. 1977
The correct answer is the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976
Key Points
The Preamble’ of the Constitution of India:
o It is a brief introductory statement that sets out the guiding purpose and principles of the document, and it indicates the source from which the document which derives its authority, meaning, the
people.
o It was adopted on 26 November 1949 by the Constituent Assembly of India and came into effect on 26th January 1950.
o After the 42nd amendment, three new terms “Socialist, Secular, and Integrity” were added to the Preamble. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
o 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 is one of the most important amendments to the Indian Constitution.
• It was enacted by the Indian National Congress headed by Indira Gandhi then.
o Due to the large number of amendments this act has brought to the Indian Constitution, it is also known as the Mini-Constitution.’
o Only one time the Preamble was amended in 1976 till date.
Thus, we can say that the words “Socialist and Secular” were added to the Preamble through the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.
Article 280 is about?
The Finance Commission is constituted by the President under article 280 of the Constitution, mainly to give its recommendations on distribution of tax revenues between the Union and the States and amongst the States themselves. Two distinctive features of the Commission’s work involve redressing the vertical imbalances between the taxation powers and expenditure responsibilities of the centre and the States respectively and equalization of all public services across the States.
Article 32
Article 32 of the Indian Constitution gives the right to individuals to move to the Supreme Court to seek justice when they feel that their right has been ‘unduly deprived’
Article 226
Article 226, empowers the high courts to issue, to any person or authority, including the government (in appropriate cases), directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto, certiorari or any of them
Article 25
Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of
religion
Article 26
Freedom to manage religious affairs
This Article provides that every religious denomination has the following rights, subject to
morality, health and public order.
1. The right to form and maintain institutions for religious and charitable intents.
2. The right to manage its own affairs in the matter of religion.
3. The right to acquire immovable and movable property.
4. The right to administer such property according to the law
Article 27
Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion
According to Article 27 of the Constitution, there can be no taxes, the proceeds of which are
directly used for the promotion and/or maintenance of any particular religion/religious
denomination.
