Bihar Economy Flashcards
“SPUR” project in Bihar relates to
- Health
- Poverty
- Banking
- Municipal Finances
Support Programme for Urban Reforms (SPUR):
• SPUR is a six-year partnership programme (2008-2014) and now on extension phase for another 2 years (2014-2016) between the Government of Bihar (through Urban Development & Housing
Department (UD&HD)} and the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID, UK).
o The programme aims to revitalise and enable the urban centres in Bihar to play their expected role in economic growth.
o It aims at poverty reduction through improved economic attractiveness of project ULBs for private investments.
• SPUR is being implemented in 29 ULBs that house about 60% of the urban population in the state of Bihar.
o Capitalising on the lessons emerging from the implementation of local economic development interventions, SPUR is providing strategic guidance for the implementation of the National Urban
Livelihoods Mission (NULM).
• Most importantly, SPUR has succeeded in making a gradual shift of attention towards urban poverty alleviation & livelihood issues.
o SPUR has adapted well to the changing (progressively more ambitious) policy priorities of the Urban Development & Housing Department (UD&HD), Government of Bihar under four outputs of
SPUR (governance, revenue mobilisation, slum infrastructure and community mobilisation) as these initiatives are now scaled up to all 141 ULBs of the state.
Additional Information
• Key Outputs of SPUR:
o Effective policies and stronger institutions to promote and manage urban development in place.
o State and ULBs mobilise significantly increased resources for urban development and manage them more effectively.
• Identified ULBs plan, implement and manage urban infrastructure and services more effectively.
o Increased municipal capacity to attract private investment in urban areas (Local Economic Development).
o Empowered poor communities and socially excluded groups access increased urban resources and livelihood opportunities.
• Achievements:
• The project has demonstrated strong progress especially under strengthening urban governance and municipal financial reforms.
• SPUR has put in place important policy and regulatory frameworks
o Infrastructure planning has improved and the focus has now been on helping the government access funds from various sources including donor agencies for implementation of the various DPRs.
• Focus:
• The focus is on capitalising on working relationships established with the stakeholders and utilising them to rise to the programme implementation challenges.
• The approach is centred around process, performance and experience.
o The guiding principle is inclusivity & participation and the work is information and evidence based.
o Further, to meet unexpected events and to keep the project on track, the main thrust of the team is on building capacities to ensure that all interventions are sustainable and scalable
JEEVIKA a flagship program by the Government of Bihar, is supported by which among the following international institutions?
- IMF
- UNICEF
- World Bank
- USAID
JEEVIKA is India’s largest state-level women’s socio-economic empowerment program, working directly with nearly 90 lakh families in rural Bihar and is one of the flagship programs for poverty
alleviation by the Government of Bihar.
• The objective of the program is to diversify and erhance household-level incomes and improve access to and use of nutrition and sanitation services among rural households
• The program involves mobilization of women into affinity-based Self-Help Groups, commodity-specific producer groups and higher federations
• These community institutions enable collective capacity building, improved access to finance and public services and direct linkage to markets.
• The program was introduced in 2007 under the World Bank-supported Bihar Rural Livelihoods Project (BRLP) in 6 districts of Bihar.
• Successful implementation of the first phase of the program (2007-11) provided a large-scale proof of concept where women collectives emerged as platforms for delivering transformational socio-economic outcomes
and prompted a restructuring of the erstwhile SGSY program into the National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM).
• JEEVIKA is presently funded under the World Bank-supported Bihar Transformative Development Project (BTDP), NRLM and leverages significant resources from several state-level livelihoods and
welfare schemes. Hence option 3 is the correct answer.
• JEEVIKA presently operates in 34,043 villages across 534 blocks and 38 districts of Bihar.
• Under the program, Bihar has the highest number of SHGs nationally, with more than 912124 Self-Help Groups, further federated into 59085 Village Organizations and 978 Cluster Level Federations.
• The program focuses on the poorest of the poor by initiating social mobilization from the poorest hamlets in villages, ensuring adequate representation of the poorest section in group and federation leaders
implementing specialized financial products around food and health security to reduce vulnerability and linking eligible households to key govt schemes for accessing benefits and entitlements
• Today, more than 25,026 JEEVIKA Village Organizations are capable of undertaking collective procurement of food grains including pulses and oil for its most needy members, ensuring basic nutritional security at the
household level
“Bihar Economics Survey for the first time, was published for the financial year-
- 2004-05
- 2006-07
- 2008-09
- 2009-10
For the first time in the annals of Bihar legislature, the state government presented the Economic Survey of Bihar 2006-07 in the Legislative Assembly.
The survey noted the market size in Bihar is estimated to be worth Rs 1,03,600 crore or 4.8 per cent of the country’s market size
• It has a lower CD ratio than the national average.
——- Additional Information——-
• The Bihar government presented its 14th Economic Survey 2019-20 recently.
• The per capita GDP (Gross State Domestic Product) of Bihar was Rs 47,541 at current prices and <33,629 at constant prices.
The Survey said that the “fiscal deficit of the State was 2.68% of GDP revenue surplus 1.34% of GSDP.
According to the Economic Survey 2021-22, Bihar’s Gross State Domestic Product (GDP) grew up by what per cent in 2020-21 despite the effect of the ‘lockdown’ imposed to prevent the Covid-19 epidemic?
- 1.4%
- 2.5%
- 3.5%
- 4.6%
According to the Economic Survey 2021-22, Bihar’s Gross State Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 2.5% in 2020-21 and the growth rate is better than the national average, despite the effect of the ‘lockdown*
imposed to prevent the Covid-19 epidemic. Hence option 2 is correct.
It is less than the growth rate of 7.4% in 2019-20.
The Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Bihar for 2022-23 (at current prices) is projected to be Rs 7,45,310 crore.
This is a growth of 9.7% over the revised estimate of GSDP for 2021-22 (Rs 6,79,473 crore)
In 2020-21, the agriculture sector, as well as the services sector, registered a marginal contraction.
• Bihar’s growth rate in 2020-21 was higher than the growth in national GDP (which registered a negative growth of 6.6% in 2020-21).
• According to the survey, the per capita income in Bihar stood at Rs 50,555 during 2020-21 at the current market price as compared to the per capita income of India at Rs 86,659.
• During the last five years 2016-17 to 2020-21, Bihar grew at the highest rate of 2.3% in the primary sector, 4.8% in the secondary sector, and 8.5% in the tertiary sector.
• The total expenditure of the state government in 2020-21 increased by 13.4% over the previous year to Rs 1,65,696 crore, which includes Rs 26,203 crore as capital expenditure and Rs 1,39, 493 crore as revenue
According to Bihar Budget 2022-23, how much amount has been allocated for Smart City Mission?
- Rs 180 crore
- Rs 620 crore
- Rs 100 crore
- Rs 420 crore
In the budget 2022-23, a budget provision of Rs 620 crore has been made for the financial ear 2022-23 for Smart City Mission. Hence option 2 is correct.
• Smart City Mission
• A smart city is a city, which is liveable, sustainable, and has a thriving economy offering multiple opportunities to its people to pursue their diverse interests
• The smart city mission by Modi Govt is an initiative to renovate the cities of India to make them smarter to live. Bihar got 3 cities nominated in the first list of smart cities in India.
• The purpose of the Smart Cities Mission is to drive economic growth and improve the quality of life of people by enabling local area development and harnessing technology, especially techni
leads to Smart outcomes.
o Muzaffarpur, Bhagalpur, Biharsharif, and Patna are the cities nominated to be developed as smart cities under the smart city mission of the Union Govt.
Magadha become the most powerful mahajanapada in all 16 mahajanpadas. Which of the following can be considered as the reason for its rise?
1. The abundance of Iron ore
2. Better agricultural yield
3. Advantageous geographical location
4. Use of elephants on large scale in wars
Select the correct answer using the following options
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 2. 3 and 4 only
c. 1. 3 and 4 only
d. 1. 2. 3 and 4
The Mahajanpadas symbolises the amalgamation of a large number of rural and urban settlements
• The Buddhist text “Anguttara Nikaya” provides the names of 16 Mahajanpadas at the time of the Buddha
• The Jaina text “Bhagvati Sutra” and “Mahavastu” provides a list of 16 Mahajanpadas.
• The period from 6th to 4th century BC witnessed the struggle for supremacy amongst the four huge Mahajanpadas-Magadha, Vatsa, Avanti, Kosala.
Ultimately, Magadha evolved as the most powerful and prosperous kingdom in North India
• Founders of Magadha were Jarasandh and Brihadratha, its actual growth started in the reign of Haranyakas.
• Causes for the rise of Magadha:
o The alluvial soil of the Gangetic valley and sufficient rainfall were very helpful in agriculture leading to better agricultural yield in this region. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
o Use of elephants on large scale in the wars. Hence, statement 4 is correct.
• The unorthodox character of the Magadha society due to liberal rulers.
• The contribution made by great rulers in the uprising of the Magadha empire
o The abundance of natural resources, such as iron, enabled the Magadhan rulers to equip themselves with effective weapons. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
o Iron also facilitated the growth of agriculture generating surplus yield.
o An advantageous geographical location with both Rajagriha and Pataliputra situated at strategic locations.
• This great location helped Magadha to effectively command the Uttarapatha lying to the North of the river Ganges
- The river also facilitated a means of cheap and convenient communication. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
Which five year plan recognized human development as the core of all developmental efforts?
- First Five Year Plan
- Second Five Year Plan
- Eighth Five Year Plan
- Ninth Five Year Plan
Eighth Five Year Plan India runs through the period from 1992 to1997 with the main aim of attaining objectives like modernization of the industrial sector, rise in the employment level, poverty reduction, and self-
reliance on domestic resources.
• Five-Year Plans (FYPs) are centralized and integrated national economic programs.
• Five year plan concept of India was borrowed from soviet union
Additional Information
• First Five Year Plan: (1951-1956). The First Five-Year Plan was based on the Harrod-Domar model with few modifications. The First Five-year Plan was launched in 1951 which mainly focused in development of
the primary sector like Agriculture Community Transport, Energy etc.
Second Five Year Plan: (1956-1961) The Second Plan focused on the development of the public sector and “rapid Industrialisation”. The plan followed the Mahalanobis model, an economic
development model developed by the Indian statistician Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis in 1953.
• Fifth Five Year Plan: (1974-1978)The Fifth Five-Year Plan laid stress on employment, poverty alleviation (Garibi Hatao), and justice. The plan also focused on self-reliance in agricultural production and
defence. In 1978 the newly elected Morarji Desai government rejected the plan. The Electricity Supply Act was amended in 1975, which enabled the central government to enter into power generation and
transmission.
• Ninth Five Year Plan: (1997-2002) It was the most popular plan. The Ninth Five-Year Plan came after 50 years of Indian Independence. The Ninth Plan tried primarily to use the latent and unexplored economic
potential of the country to promote economic and social growth. It offered strong support to the social spheres of the country in an effort to achieve the complete elimination of poverty. Atal Bihari Vajpayee was
the prime minister of India during the Ninth Plan
As per the Economic Survey the data for Bare Necessities Index is taken from which among the following offices/departments/organisation?
- National Statistical Office
- NITI Aayog
- Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
- Department of Health and Family Welfare
The “basic needs” approach to economic development focuses on the minimum specified quantities of basic necessities such as food, clothing, shelter, water, and sanitation that are necessary to prevent ill health,
and underourishment
• The Bare Necessities Index is an attempt to quantify this approach to economic development using data from the National Statistical Office.
• The data for developing the Bare Necessities Index (BNI) is sourced from two National Statistical Office (NSO) Rounds on drinking water, sanitation, hygiene, and housing condition in India: 69th (2012) and 76th
(2018).
• The data on the indicator household using LPG for cooking’ for 2011-12 is taken from the NSO Report on Energy Sources of Indian Households for Cooking and Lighting 2011-12
The BNI is created for all States/UTs by employing the data at the State level.
• The index is constructed at two points of time - 2012 and 2018 - using 26 indicators on five dimensions viz., water, sanitation, housing, micro-environment, and other facilities.
• In rural India, the highest access to bare necessities in 2018 is recorded in Punjab, Kerala, Sikkim, Goa, and Delhi, while the lowest in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal,
Odisha, Assam, Manipur, and Tripura.
Which two cities of Bihar have received administrative approval for the implementation of Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana(HRIDAY)?
- Ara and Sasaram
- Patna and Muzzafarpur
- Gaya and Patna
- Gaya and Bodh Gaya
Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana(HRIDAY):
• National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) was launched on 21 January 2015 with the aim of bringing together urban planning, economic growth, and heritage conservation
in an inclusive manner to preserve the heritage character of each Heritage City.
• The Scheme shall support the development of core heritage infrastructure projects including revitalization of linked urban infrastructure for heritage assets such as monuments, Ghats, temples, etc.
along with reviving certain intangible assets.
• These initiatives shall include the development of sanitation facilities, roads, public transportation & parking, citizen services, information kiosks, etc.
o The two cities of Bihar which have received administrative approval for the implementation of Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana(HRIDAY) are Gaya and Bodh Gaya
• With a duration of 4 years (completing in November 2018) and a total outlay of 7500 crores (US$70 million), the Scheme is set to be implemented in 13 identified Cities namely, Ajmer, Amaravati,
Amritsar, Badami, Dwarka, Gaya, Kanchipuram, Mathura, Puri, Varanasi, Velankanni, Vellore, and Warangal.
——-Additional Information——-
• The objectives of the Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana(HRIDAY)are:-
o Planning, development, and implementation of heritage-sensitive infrastructure.
Service Delivery and infrastructure provisioning in the core areas of the historic city.
o Preserve and revitalize heritage wherein tourists can connect directly with the city’s unique character.
• Develop and document a heritage asset inventory of cities - natural, cultural, living, and built heritage as a basis for urban planning, growth, service provision, and delivery.
o Implementation and enhancement of basic services delivery with a focus on sanitation services like public conveniences, toilets, water taps, street lights, with the use of the latest technologies in
improving tourist facilities/amenities.
o Local capacity enhancement for the inclusive heritage-based industry.
Who was authorised to give the final approval to the five year plans of India?
- President
- NITI Aayog
- National Development Council
- Ministry of Finance
NDC is an executive body established by the Government of India in August 1952,
It is neither a constitutional nor a statutory body. It was the apex body to take decisions on matters related to approval of five year plans of the country.
Prime minister is the ex-officio chairman of the NDC.
Which of the following Five Year plans (FYP) is known for introducing various fiscal and economic reforms including liberalization?
- 8th Five Year Plan
- 11th Five Year Plan
- 10th Five Year Plan
- 9th Five Year Plan
The correct answer is gth Five Year Plan
• 8th Five Year Plan is known for introducing various fiscal and economic reforms including liberalization
® Key Points
• The Eighth Five Year Plan was scheduled to be introduced in April 1990 but it was introduced in 1992.
At that time, the country was going through a severe economic crisis.
The government launched India’s free-market reforms that brought the nearly bankrupt nation back from the edge.
• It was the beginning of liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG) in India.
• Maior Objectives were
• Creation of employment,
o check population growth, and overall human development.
o Primarv health facilities, Drinking Water & Vaccination in all villages
o Growth and diversification of agricultural activities
• Strengthen the basic Infrastructure.
• The target growth rate was 5.6% and the actual growth rate was 6.8%.
Additional Information
• 9th Five Year Plan
o It was introduced in 1997.
o It saw contributions towards development from the general public as well as governmental agencies in both the rural and urban areas of the
country.
• The 9th Five-Year Plan achieved a GDP growth rate of 5.4% against a target of 6.5%
• 10th Five Year Plan
o It was introduced in 2002.
o The Target growth was 8.1% and the growth achieved was 7.7%.
• 11th Five Year Plan
o It aimed to increase the enrolment in higher education for the 18-23 years of age group by 2011-12
In which Five-Year-Plan the poverty eradication was mentioned?
- 5th Five Year Plan
- 6th Five Year Plan
- 7th Five Year Plan
- 10th Five Year Plan
The correct answer is 5th Five Year Plan
• The Fifth(5th) Five-Year Plan focused on poverty eradication (Garibi Hatao), employment, and justice.
• Fifth Five Year Plan duration was 1974 to 1979.
• In this plan, the priority was given to the agriculture sector, and then to the industry and mines.
• Overall this plan was a success which gained a growth of 4.8% against the target of 4.4%.
• The draft of this plan was created and released by the D.P. Dhar. This plan was put to an end in 1978.
• Rolling Plan: This plan was introduced with an annual plan for 1978-79 and as an extepsion of the terminated fifth-five year plan.
