Politics of Migration and Refugees

Question 1

How does Schmit define sovereignty? (Schmit)

Answer 1

‘he who decides on the exception’.

=Exception understood to refer to a general concept in theory of state and merely to a construct applied to any emergency decree or state of siege

Question 2

What does can the sovereign do? (Schmit)

Answer 2

-decides whether there is an extreme mergency as well as what must be done to eliminate it

Question 3

What shows Frontex success, and what is constraining them? (Mathiason)

Answer 3

• 173500 lives saved last year
• little power and struggles to operate as straitjacket imposed by collective failure of member states and brussels to fully commit and cooperate with it

Question 4

What is Frontex restricted to acting as? (Mathiason)

Answer 4

-A coordinating agency, has to borrow gear no real power

Question 5

How bad are staff shortages compared to what is requested by Frontex? (Mathiason)

Answer 5

-ranging from 4% to 20%

Question 6

What is a major issue for Frontext? (Mathiason)

Answer 6

• they were distance to protect from illegal migration. that is a different profile from what we’re seeing
• existence of agency gives apperance of ollective operation without the resources and remit to be meaningful, its a smokescreen

Question 7

Example of scrapped Italy operation? (Mathiason)

Answer 7

• Refusal to fund Italian missions, as fear it encourage migration by reducing risk
• replaced by Frontex-run operation Triton what was smaller, 5 months intro hundreds of lives last at sea so bigger mission needed. given much more money

Question 8

How much of the 862 million euros recieved since formation has Frontext given back? (Mathiason)

Answer 8

In 7 years to 2014, more than 350 million reimbursed to 43 countires. Italy spain have recieved more than 100 million

Question 9

How do countries in North see Frontex and how do countires in the south? (Mathiason)

Answer 9

• Countries in north use it to ensure southern states adopt their border control standards
• Southern countries see it as both an agent of control and a cash cow

Question 10

How many people have Frontext arranged return for and what are the issues? (Mathiason)

Answer 10

• since 2006 return of more than 15,500 in 302 seperate missions.
• Worries human rights campaigners, 40% done th no independent observer, no complaints procedure
• Expected to be given more return responsibility

Question 11

What is the process of connecting migration to criminal and terrorist abuses related to? (Huysmans)

Answer 11

-a wider politicization in which immigrants and asylum-seekers are portrayed as a challenge to the protectino of national identity and welfare provisions

Question 12

What sustains a process of deligitimising the presence of immigrants, asylum-seekers and refugees (Huysmans)

Answer 12

-wider process of generally regulation to third-country nationals

Question 13

What increased political rhetoric against migration?? (Huysmans)

Answer 13

-despite decision to halt migration, pop still grows due to fmily reunion, increasing public awareness of immigrant pop

Question 14

What did council regulation 1612/68 do?(Huysmans)

Answer 14

distinugished between right of free movement of nationals of member states and free movement of nationls from third-countries

Question 15

What did the opening up of internal borders result in? (Huysmans)

Answer 15

-a tightening of external ones

Question 16

How was freedom of movement turned into a security question? (Huysmans)

Answer 16

-internal market connected to security problem. Identification that it improves free movement of illegal and criminal activities by terrorist, international criminal orgs, asylum-seekers and immigrants

Question 17

How is cultural mixing resulting from migration politicized ? (Huysmans)

Answer 17

-on grounds that multicultural developments challenge the desire for coinciding cultural and political frontiers.

Question 18

What did difficulty in the distribution in resources cause? (Huysmans)

Answer 18

-privileging of national citizens in the distribution of social goods

Question 19

What are the three principle ways in which humanitarian crisis affect movement? (Martin)

Answer 19

• displacement: encompassing those who are directly affected or threatened by crisis
• ancticipatory movement: those who move becuse they anticipate future threat
• relocation: those affected by crisis but cannot move due to physical, financial, logistical, etc reasons

Question 20

What are the difference in how people become vulnerable? (Martin)

Answer 20

• some become vulnerable because they lose social or economic support in crisis
• others because of status as non-citizens

Question 21

What is the most presing challenge in providing protection to crisis migrants? (Martin)

Answer 21

-Determining who is in need of protection