Politics And Governance 2 Flashcards
What is the timeline of the birth of Political Ideologies
The age of enlightenment where the belief that change could happen became popularized
Who coined the term political ideology
Antoine de Tracy
What was de Tracy’s definition of a political ideology
A new science of ideas that set out to uncover new thoughts and ideas
According to de Tracy political ideologies had two descriptions
Ideas are stimulated by the physical environment (empirical knowledge and learning) and social and political improvements were the main goals
Who are the two political analysts who contradicted de Tracy’s ideas of political ideologies
Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx
What were Marx and Engel’s opinions on political ideologies
Political ideologies only existed to justify the ruling class of society, a fabrication used to justify a particular group’s existence
Who were the three Cold War liberalist famous for their opinions on the political ideology
Karl Popper, Jacob Talmon, and Hannah Ardent
What were the cold war liberalist’s opinions on the political ideology
Political ideologies are closed systems of thought claiming monopoly over the truth, and is used as an instrument of social control
What is the modern social scientific definition of a political ideology
It is a coherent set of ideas that provide a basis for political action
What are the three criteria of a political ideology
- Offers an account of the existing order
- Provides a model of a desired future
- Provides an outline of how said future is to be brought about
What was Daniel Bell’s opinion on the political ideology
The stock of political ideas has been exhausted and ideologies have become irrelevant as now parties compete for power rather than political change
What is Francis Fukuyama’s take on the political ideologies
Liberal democracy has triumphed over all other ideologies
What are the traits of a liberalist political ideology
A commitment to individualism and living in a society wherein people can satisfy their individual interest and achieve fulfillment. Holding ideas of freedom, equality, tolerance, and reason instead of war
What are the traits of the conservatist political ideology
It was made as a reaction against the changing times. Extremely traditionalist ideas of conserving traditions and upholding the current tradition
What are the traits of a socialist political ideology
A more humane and socially worthwhile alternative capitalism. The eradication of economic inequalities and opting for equality, unity, community, and cooperation
Who and what is the Idealist definition of the state
Georg Hegel proposed that the state is an ethical community which holds mutual sympathy.
What is the functionalist: Neo-Marxist definition of the state
The state is a set of institutions which uphold order and deliver social stability and order.
What are the downside of Hegel’s Idealist definition of the state
It fails to distinguish what institutions are part of the state and those outside the state
What are the downsides of the functionalist definition of the state
It associates any institution that maintains order as part of the state (family, mass media, trade unions etc.)
What is the organizational definition of the state
A set of institutions which are recognized as “public” that are responsible for the organization of social existence funded by public expenses
According to the organizational definition what are the five features of the state
- Sovereignty
- Recognizably public
- Legitimate and binding decisions
- Instrument of domination
- Is a territorial association
What is the international definition of the state
The state is a world actor, a state is a state based on its ability to interact with other states.
What are the four features of an international definition of the state
A defined territory
A permanent population
An effective government
The capacity to enter relations with other states
What is the modern view of the state
A political association with defined territorial borders. These institutions are recognizably public and are responsible for communal life which is funded by public expenses.
What theory of the state suggests that the state cannot be separated from the economic structure of society and that the state is a tool of class opression
The capitalist state
What theory of the state describes the state as a self serving monster intent on expansion and pursuit of self interest. It is akin to an overbearing nanny
The leviathan state
