Politics And Governance 2

Question 1

What is the timeline of the birth of Political Ideologies

Answer 1

The age of enlightenment where the belief that change could happen became popularized

Question 2

Who coined the term political ideology

Answer 2

Antoine de Tracy

Question 3

What was de Tracy’s definition of a political ideology

Answer 3

A new science of ideas that set out to uncover new thoughts and ideas

Question 4

According to de Tracy political ideologies had two descriptions

Answer 4

Ideas are stimulated by the physical environment (empirical knowledge and learning) and social and political improvements were the main goals

Question 5

Who are the two political analysts who contradicted de Tracy’s ideas of political ideologies

Answer 5

Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx

Question 6

What were Marx and Engel’s opinions on political ideologies

Answer 6

Political ideologies only existed to justify the ruling class of society, a fabrication used to justify a particular group’s existence

Question 7

Who were the three Cold War liberalist famous for their opinions on the political ideology

Answer 7

Karl Popper, Jacob Talmon, and Hannah Ardent

Question 8

What were the cold war liberalist’s opinions on the political ideology

Answer 8

Political ideologies are closed systems of thought claiming monopoly over the truth, and is used as an instrument of social control

Question 9

What is the modern social scientific definition of a political ideology

Answer 9

It is a coherent set of ideas that provide a basis for political action

Question 10

What are the three criteria of a political ideology

Answer 10

1. Offers an account of the existing order
2. Provides a model of a desired future
3. Provides an outline of how said future is to be brought about

Question 11

What was Daniel Bell’s opinion on the political ideology

Answer 11

The stock of political ideas has been exhausted and ideologies have become irrelevant as now parties compete for power rather than political change

Question 12

What is Francis Fukuyama’s take on the political ideologies

Answer 12

Liberal democracy has triumphed over all other ideologies

Question 13

What are the traits of a liberalist political ideology

Answer 13

A commitment to individualism and living in a society wherein people can satisfy their individual interest and achieve fulfillment. Holding ideas of freedom, equality, tolerance, and reason instead of war

Question 14

What are the traits of the conservatist political ideology

Answer 14

It was made as a reaction against the changing times. Extremely traditionalist ideas of conserving traditions and upholding the current tradition

Question 15

What are the traits of a socialist political ideology

Answer 15

A more humane and socially worthwhile alternative capitalism. The eradication of economic inequalities and opting for equality, unity, community, and cooperation

Question 16

Who and what is the Idealist definition of the state

Answer 16

Georg Hegel proposed that the state is an ethical community which holds mutual sympathy.

Question 17

What is the functionalist: Neo-Marxist definition of the state

Answer 17

The state is a set of institutions which uphold order and deliver social stability and order.

Question 18

What are the downside of Hegel’s Idealist definition of the state

Answer 18

It fails to distinguish what institutions are part of the state and those outside the state

Question 19

What are the downsides of the functionalist definition of the state

Answer 19

It associates any institution that maintains order as part of the state (family, mass media, trade unions etc.)

Question 20

What is the organizational definition of the state

Answer 20

A set of institutions which are recognized as “public” that are responsible for the organization of social existence funded by public expenses

Question 21

According to the organizational definition what are the five features of the state

Answer 21

1. Sovereignty
2. Recognizably public
3. Legitimate and binding decisions
4. Instrument of domination
5. Is a territorial association

Question 22

What is the international definition of the state

Answer 22

The state is a world actor, a state is a state based on its ability to interact with other states.

Question 23

What are the four features of an international definition of the state

Answer 23

A defined territory
A permanent population
An effective government
The capacity to enter relations with other states

Question 24

What is the modern view of the state

Answer 24

A political association with defined territorial borders. These institutions are recognizably public and are responsible for communal life which is funded by public expenses.

Question 25

What theory of the state suggests that the state cannot be separated from the economic structure of society and that the state is a tool of class opression

Answer 25

The capitalist state

Question 26

What theory of the state describes the state as a self serving monster intent on expansion and pursuit of self interest. It is akin to an overbearing nanny

Answer 26

The leviathan state