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History- Britain Y2 > Politics, 1846- 1885 > Flashcards

Politics, 1846- 1885 Flashcards

1
Q

Russell’s Government

A

1846-1852

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2
Q

What state was Britain politically by 1846?

A
  • Peel had to resign due to the CL’s
  • The Tories split to protectionsist and Peelites
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3
Q

Protectionists Conservatives:

A
  • Stanley (Lord Derby)
  • Benjamin Disraeli
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4
Q

Prominent Peelites:

A
  • Peel
  • Aberdeen
  • Gladstone
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5
Q

Prominent Whigs:

A
  • Russell
  • Pulmerston
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6
Q

Prominent Radicals, what group where they apart?

A
  • Cobden
  • Bright
  • from the Anti-Corn Law League
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7
Q

How many Irish MPs where in Parliament?

A
  • 105
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8
Q

What can the governments from 1846-1865 be described?

A
  • Named ‘An age of Equipoise”
  • Not one of significant domestic reforms
  • but significant time in foreign policy
  • A lot of Whig-Tory-Whig-Tory
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9
Q

What years defined Lord Russell’s first ministry?

A

1846- 1852

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10
Q

Ireland, what were the gov doing?

A
  • providing relief, and it was taking a toll (famine, cholera, dysentery)
  • even soup kitchens
  • By Aug 1847 financial contribution to Ireland reduced
    Spite?
  • Br did not reform Poor Law, and forced population to help themselves
  • system designed for 100,000 , but overall 1.5 mil used it
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11
Q

Free Trade, what where the gov doing?

A
  • made trade on sugar freer
  • repealed navigation laws in 1849, but actually set restrictive regulations
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12
Q

Chartism, what were the gov doing?

A
  • handeled huge rally at Kennington Common well, thousands of Constables ensuring no violence
  • he banned marches and rejected petitions
  • he arrested radicals
  • used middle class volunteers to put down insurrection
  • lead to Chartism no longer being a national force
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13
Q

Factory Act 1847, what did the government pass?

A
  • essentially 10hr Act
    10hr movement lost leader when Ashley resigned 1846
  • John Fielden took over, Radical Oldham MP
  • bill passed without amendment
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14
Q

Why did attitudes change for this Act?

A
  • Russell made it an open q
  • Peel had fallen so Tory sympathisers could vote in favour
  • some wanted to hurt Tories, due to CL repeal
  • due to trade recession, ostensibly just working 10hr days
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15
Q

What were some of the problems with the Act?

A
  • when trade revision occurred, the relay system was reinstated
  • adult males now working 12hr days
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16
Q

Public Health Act 1848, why did the gov pass?

A
  • due to serious cholera outbreak
  • also, Chadwicks’ ‘Report on the Sanitary Condiitons of he Labouring population’
17
Q

What were the terms of the Act?

A
  • set up General Health Board in London
  • had 3 members, CHadwick, Shaftesbury, Lord Morpeth
  • Local health boards with a medical officer were mandatory where the death rate in the area was significantly below national average
18
Q

What were the limitation of the Act?

A
  • for other areas, where it wasnt mandatory for a health boards, were not always started
19
Q

Factory Act 1850, what did the government pass?

A
  • factories open max 12hrs, 1 1/2 do that for meals
  • for women + children was 10hrs max
  • Saturdays, they must close at 2pm, and women and children must work maximum 7 1/2 hrs
20
Q

What was the impact of this Act?

A
  • a relatively good one
  • falls introduction did not happen as was speculated
21
Q

What year was the Great Exhibition?

A

1851

22
Q

What was the Great Exhibition?

A
  • best example of British prosperity
  • suggestion from Prince Albert from the Royal Society of Arts
  • took place in Crystal Palace
  • displayed British machinery and manufacturers
  • demonstrated Br as free trade, as exhibitions from other countries were used
  • Over 6mil visitors came in 5 months
23
Q

What year was the “Papal Aggression”?

A

1851

24
Q

What was the Papal Aggression?

A
  • Catholic Church proposal of a hierarchy of Bishops across the country
  • this led to an expansion of anti-Catholic feeling
  • Lord Russell lead cries of outrage
25
Q

What did the Russell administration pass in retaliation?

A

The Ecclesiastical Titles Act

26
Q

What were the terms of the Ecclesiastical Titles Act?

A
  • created criminal sanctions against members of non established church
  • but the Intolerant Act repealed this a few days later
27
Q

What problems were Russell’s gov facing by 1851?

A
  • most specifically, the budget of 1851
  • it was unpopular amongst manufactures and businessmen
  • this is bcz they wanted income tax abolished
  • Russell also seemed against Parliamentary reform, as he voted against new voting regulations
  • the budget and Russell’s stance on parliamentary reform annoyed radicals so much they voted for the voting qualifications (so against him)
28
Q

Why was Russel then forced to resign?

A
  • due to losing support
  • but Cons lack majority
  • So he comes back for a year
29
Q

When did Lord Russell resign?

A

1852

History- Britain Y2 (4 decks)

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