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Spring 2013 > Political Philosophy Exam 2 > Flashcards

Political Philosophy Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Whose works were followed during the European Dark Ages?

A

Socrates

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2
Q

Whose works were banned during the European Dark Ages?

A

Aristotle

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3
Q

What religion experienced significant growth during the European Dark Ages?

A

Islam

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4
Q

What did Islamic philosophers think about the physical world?

A

God created the physical world so it must be woth studying

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5
Q

Whose works were preserved and followed by early Islamic philosophers?

A

Aristotle

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6
Q

St. Thomas Aquinas was a ________ ?

A

Naturalist

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7
Q

What did Aquinas and Aristotle have in common?

A

They were both Naturalists

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8
Q

What was Aquinas’s idea that was similiar to Aristotle’s theoretical wisdom?

A

Speculative Reason

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9
Q

What is speculative reason?

A

General truths and theories

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10
Q

What was Aquinas’s idea that was similiar to Aristotle’s practical wisdom?

A

Practical Reason

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11
Q

What is Practical Reason?

A

The ability to apply general priciples to specific situations.

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12
Q

This law governed motion of the universe

A

Eternal Law

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13
Q

Most important law for humans, innate knowledge of right and wrong that god placed in us

A

Natural Law

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14
Q

what law cannot contradict natural law?

A

Human Law

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15
Q

law stated in bible or scriptures

A

Divine Law

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16
Q

Law designed to help humans when they are confused about natural law

A

Divine Law

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17
Q

Unlike Hobbes, Aquinas believes that?

A

humans should be happy all the time

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18
Q

What is the purpose of government according to Aquinas?

A

to provide the common good

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19
Q

Aquinas believes the best type of government should be based on?

A

Natural Law

20
Q

Aquinas believes the best type of government is?

A

A Monarchy

21
Q

List the types of government in order from best to worst that Aquinas thinks shold be in power.

A
  1. Monarchy
  2. Aristocracy
  3. Reresentative Democracy
  4. Direct Democracy
  5. Oligarchy
  6. Tyranny
22
Q

British Philosopher (1588-1679)

A

Thomas Hobbes

23
Q

What was on the rise in Europe during Hobbes time?

A

Nation States

24
Q

What was Hobbes’s view on human nature?

A

Humans act on our self interest only

25
Q

Hobbes’s view on the state of nature?

A

life is poor, nasty, brutish, and short; war of all agaist all

26
Q

Hobbes’s thought that humans in the state of nature would eventually get together and form a social contract because

A

people would realize that the state of nature was not in anybody’s self interest

27
Q

What does the sovereign do?

A

Makes, enforces and judges the law.

28
Q

British Philosopher (1632-1704)

A

John Locke

29
Q

What was the divine right of kings?

A

The idea that kings and queens developed laws through god

30
Q

What philosopher wanted to get rid of the divine rights of kings?

A

Locke

31
Q

Locke believes that God gave everyone______?

A

Natural Rights

32
Q

______ believed that when humans labored upon nature________?

A

Hobbes, that became private property.

33
Q

Locke believed that Private property was a ______ _______ from god?

A

Natural Right

34
Q

What did Locke think the pupose of government was?

A

A social contract with people to protect private property

35
Q

What did Locke think the best type of government was?

A

Representative democracy

36
Q

Hobbes and Aquinas share this idea_______

A

Natural rights

37
Q

French Philosopher (1712-1778)

A

Jean Jacques Rousseau

38
Q

Who wrote the book “ The Social Contract”

A

Jean Jacques Rousseau

39
Q

Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains

A

quote from Rousseau, social contract

40
Q

This philosopher is against Aristotle’s idea of slavery by nature

A

Jean Jacques Rousseau

41
Q

What did Rousseau think about the state of nature

A

Can be a good place, Native Americans were able to enjoy it.

42
Q

Rousseau believed that the only reason for the social contract was

A

Overpopulation

43
Q

Rousseau disagreed with _______ about the idea of ________

A

Hobbes, Self Interest

44
Q

What Philosopher believes that humans can rise of self interest.

A

Jean Jacques Rousseau

45
Q

What type of governmnet does Rousseau believe is best with small population?

A

Direct Democracy

46
Q

What type of governmnet does Rousseau believe is best with large population?

A

Representative Democracy

Spring 2013 (9 decks)

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