Political Parties Flashcards
What was the result of the fall of the Fox-North Coalition?
- 1783
- Whigs came together under Fox
- Their opponents came together under Pitt
why did the Whigs split in 1790’s?
Because of the French Revolution
What was the Tory ideology in 1790’s?
- Maintenance of Law and Order
- Defence of Property
- Strong Armed Forces
- Moderate Economic Policy
What was the Whig ideology in 1790’s?
- Widening of the Franchise
- against increases in executive power
- support of reform to increase effectiveness of Commons
- Abolition of Slave Trade
what happened to Whig faction in 1820’s?
began to unite under leadership of Earl Grey
What was the result of the Test & Cooperations Acts and Catholic Relief?
-1828-30
- Tories split
- Whigs took advantage of this to pass reforms to please new middle class electorate
What was the Tamworth Manifesto?
- 1832-41 Peel worked to reform Tories
- an attempt to show Post-reform Tories in a Positive Light
- Showed Peels’s intent to return to Policies of mild reform
- gained voters favour in 1935 election
when was the Conservative Party founded?
1834
- the new name reflected Peel’s reformed Political Beliefs
- Conservative not associated with repression
What is believed to be the birth of the Liberal Party?
- 1835 the Whigs reached an agreement with radical Irish MP’s in the Lichfield House Compact
- 3 groups working together to take down Peel’s government
- Temporary solution to an immediate problem
What happened to the Liberals by late 1930’s?
the coalition began to fall apart
- Many Whig MP’s uneasy with rate of reform
- growing divisions between Whig leadership and middle class radicalism
when did the Conservatives return to power?
1841
- Post 1832 electorate attracted to Conservative willingness to adopt broad and moderate reform
- Dominance lasted 5 years as party split over issues concerning Irish Famine and Protestant Ascendancy
How did the Liberals develop?
Encouraged by Gladstone’s financial reforms
- promotion of lower taxation and free trade measures
- Gladstone would become head of Liberals
what were the features of Gladstonian Liberalism?
investigation and rationalisation of institutions
- 1870 Education Act
- Changes to Civil Service and Armed Forces
Retrenchment (low taxation)
- free trade
- peaceful foreign policy
Laissez Faire attitude to social questions
when was Gladstone’s dominance of the Liberal Party?
1868-86
why did the Liberal Party split?
1886
- due to failure of Irish Home Rule bill
how many times did Conservatives hold office 1846-66?
2 times
- both times as minority
- outnumbered in
Commons
how did Disraeli ensure Tories ideology was in tune with new electorate?
- 1872 decided to appeal to working class voters and create truly national party
what did Disraeli establish in speech to NUCAA?
in speech to NUCAA he set out 3 objectives that would become ‘Tory Democracy’
- won 1874 election
was Disraeli an effective leader?
- failure in electoral terms (lost 5/6)
- however, he ensured Conservatives survived split of 1846
Was Salisbury an effective leader?
- responsible for single member constituencies in Redistribution Act
- ensured Tory electoral dominance for rest of the century
- led to withdrawal of Whigs from Liberal party
what was New Liberalism?
- Promoted by Lloyd George
- reforms targeted children and old people
- free school meals & medical inspections
- scholarships in secondary schools
- 1908 Old Age Pensions introduced
- 1911 National Insurance Act
What led to the split of the Liberals in 1916?
- 1910-14 crisis in House of Lords
- Re-emerging Irish Question
- First World War having devastating effect on classic Liberal Principals
