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Political parties Flashcards

1
Q

What is organic society?

A

A living entity where ‘we’ is more important than ‘I’ and where traditional institutions and common culture bind people together

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2
Q

What is paternalistic?

A

Acting in the interests of others who are unable to make informed moral decisions supposedly as fathers do in relation to children

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3
Q

What is pragmatic?

A

Belief that action should be shaped by practical circumstances and practical goals that is by ‘what works’ rather than abstract principles

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4
Q

What is One Nation Conservatism?

A

Aims to heal divisions in society and to ensure that everyone has opportunity to flourish

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5
Q

Who is Frank Hester and what does he have to with parties?

A

He and his company, TPP, are together the conservatives biggest ever donor for an election campaign, giving 15m.

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6
Q

Who is Richard Harpin and what does he have to do with parties?

A

Founder of business Homeserve, has given about 2 million since the last election to the conservatives and lent his helicopter to Rishi Sunak.

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7
Q

Who is David Sainsbury and what does he have to do with parties?

A

A labour peer since 1997, has given 5m to labour under Keir Starmer.

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8
Q

Who is Gary Lubner and what does he have to do with the parties?

A

Former boss of Autoglass, car repair company, has given almost 6m to the labour party under Starmer.

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9
Q

What kind of funding do Labour typically rely on?

A

Trade Unions

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10
Q

What kind of funding do Conservatives typically rely on?

A

Private individual donations, private business donations

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11
Q

What are the main left wing parties in the UK?

A
  • Labour
  • Green
  • Lib Dems
  • Scottish National Party
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12
Q

What are the main right wing parties?

A
  • Conservative
  • Reform UK
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13
Q

What are conservatives opinions on free market Capitalism?

A

Traditionally support a free market economy, believing that private enterprise and competition drive economic growth.

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14
Q

What are the conservatives views on law and order?

A

Emphasises a tough stance on crime, advocating for robust policing and a strong justice system

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15
Q

What are labour’s views on social justice and equality?

A

Labour has traditionally believed in reducing social and economic inequalities. Involves policies aimed and wealth distribution, progressive taxation etc.

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16
Q

What are labour’s views on democratic socialism?

A

Aligned themselves with it, normally.

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17
Q

What are the key features of a political party?

A
  • seek to gain governmental power at local, regional and national levels
  • formal organisation - normally a hierarchy including leaders, activists and supporters
  • Have a system membership, members share a similar ideologies
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18
Q

What is populism?

A

Political movement, often represented by a political party, that appeals to people’s emotions.

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19
Q

What ideas and policies are associated with Left Wing Political Parties?

A
  • socialist ideas
  • Redistribution of income from rich to poor
  • equal rights and opportunity
  • public ownership and state control of key enterprises
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20
Q

What ideas and policies are associated with Right Wing Political Parties?

A
  • Anti big government
  • Anti - taxation
  • Socially conservatism
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21
Q

What are the three main sources of funding for political parties?

A
  • Membership fees
  • Donations - these come from individuals, corporations or pressure groups such as trade unions
  • Grants - either short money, cranborne money
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22
Q

What is short money?

A

Money available to the opposition parties to help them with their parliamentary duties but not with campaign or elections expenses

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23
Q

In 2017 how much money did Labour receive in donations and membership fees?

A

Donations - 17 million
Membership fees - 16 million

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24
Q

In 2017 how much money did conservatives receive in donations and membership fees?

A

Donations - 35 million
Membership fees - 1.5 million

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25
Q

Donations have to be over ___ to be declared?

A

£500

26
Q

Donations have to be over _____ to be placed on the electoral register?

A

£12000

27
Q

What was the act that was passed in 2000 which regulated the funding of parties?

A

Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act

28
Q

How does new right defend traditional values?

A
  • traditional Christian values
  • law and order
  • nuclear family
29
Q

What is deregulation?

A

Removal of restrictions and controls on the economy in line with free market principles

30
Q

What is a minimal state?

A

Only maintains domestic order, enforces legal agreements and protects against external attack leaving other matters in the hands of individuals

31
Q

What was Thatcher’s three key ideas?

A
  • low taxes
  • privatisation
  • deregulation
32
Q

What are neo-conservatives values?

A
  • strong ties to traditional conservative values
  • strong stance on law and order
  • traditional (christian) family values
  • strongly nationalist
33
Q

What are the conservatives main ideas? (5)

A
  • individualism
  • traditional values and patriotism
  • small/limited state
  • stress on law and order
  • stress on the importance of private companies
34
Q

What is the electoral commission?

A

independent agency that regulates party activity and election finances

35
Q

When did the conservative party originate?

A

late 17th century

36
Q

One nation ideologies

A
  • accepted labour’s changes
  • pragmatic, non ideological
  • paternalistic
  • those who are privileged should pass on their benefits to the poor
37
Q

What are the two elements of The New Right?

A
  • neoconservatives - traditional family values
  • neoliberals - endorsed free markets and rolling back the state
38
Q

What was the elections and referendum act 2000?

A
  • People not on the uk electoral roll couldn’t make donations
  • donations over £500 must be declared
  • Donations over 12000 must be on the electoral register
  • parties could only spend 54000 in each constituency that they contest
  • electoral commission given power to investigate and impose fines and tighter regulations
39
Q

When was labour founded?

A

1900, by socialist groups e.g. trade unions

40
Q

What was Labours original goal?

A

Win working class representation in parliament

41
Q

When was Labours first majority government and who was the leader?

A

1945, Clement Attlee

42
Q

What was Blair’s majority in 1997?

A

179 seats

43
Q

When did the SNP first come into government?

A

2007 (minority government)

44
Q

What is the SNP’s main goal?

A

Scottish freedom from the UK

45
Q

When was the SNP’s first majority government?

A

2011

46
Q

What is the Scottish Additional Member system?

A

It prevents parties having a majority government

47
Q

When was the Scottish referendum for freedom?

A

2014

48
Q

What percentage voted to leave the UK in the Scottish referendum?

A

45%

49
Q

In the 2015 British election how many of the 59 Scottish seats did the SNP get?

A

56

50
Q

What were some of the SNP’s failures?

A
  • losing the referendum was a setback
  • Can’t force a referendum
  • SNP education has faced criticism and critics argue that there has been a decline in literacy and numeric standards
  • criticism over their handling of the NHS
51
Q

In 2024 how many seats did the SNP get? Why?

A

9, Labour is becoming popular again in Scotland

52
Q

Reasons for the SNP losing popularity?

A
  • Youssef wasn’t very popular
  • On-going scandals
  • Brexit was less of a priority voters (that was one of their main selling points)
  • Labour and Conservative now had stronger leadership therefore reduces the support of independence
53
Q

What was Keir Starmer’s majority in the July 2024?

A

172

54
Q

Examples where Reform has shown influence/power

A
  • Gained 14.7% of the vote share in the 2024 election, 12.6% increase from last time
  • Gained 98 second places in the 2024 election
55
Q

Examples where Reform has shown a decline of influence or lack of power

A
  • 2024, only got 5 seats, shows their lack of influence
56
Q

Examples where SNP has shown influence/power

A
  • In 2011 they got a majority in an additional member system
  • Got David Cameron to concede for a referendum in 2014, shows their major influence
  • In the 2015 general election they won 56/59 Scottish seats
57
Q

Examples where the Lib-Dems has shown influence and power

A
  • 2010 they got a coalition government with the Conservatives
  • 2024 election they got 72 seats, 10%.
  • When in coalition they had influence of policy by stopping a vote on scrapping the Human Rights Act and they increased the tax threshold
58
Q

Examples where the SNP has shown a decline in influence/power

A
  • Losing the referendum was a major setback and showed a lack of major influence of the public
  • In the 2024 election they lost a third of their vote share
  • Gone from 39 seats to 9 seats in the 2024 GE
59
Q

Evidence where the Lib-Dems has shown a decline in influence/power

A
  • In the 2015 election they went from 57 MPs to 8.
  • In 2010 they promised to oppose an increase in uni fees, however they still rose. Shows their lack of influence even in a coalition
60
Q

Examples where the Green party has shown influence and power

A
  • 2024 they got 4 seats, which was good compared to their 1 in 2019
  • Pushes the environment and net zero up the agenda and now both Labour and Conservatives have environmental policies
  • In councils they have 447 seats
61
Q

Examples where the DUP has shown influence and power?

A
  • 2017 general election they won 10/18 Northern Ireland constituencies

politics (9 decks)

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