Political Participation

Question 1

Paradox of Voting

Answer 1

costs outweighs benefits of voting

Question 2

Duverger’s Law

Answer 2

only two parties compete for control of gov in countries with single-member, plurality electoral systems

Question 3

Hard Money

Answer 3

money given directly to candidates or parties to support a particular candidate

Question 4

Soft Money

Answer 4

money given to parties or other organizations to support voter mobilization or voter education activities

Question 5

Dark Money

Answer 5

money spent with the purpose of influencing the decision of a voter and the source of the money is not disclosed

Question 6

Citizens United

Answer 6

faction, citizens united by a passion or interest adverse to the rights of others

Question 7

Correlates of voter turnout

Answer 7

election competitiveness, election type, voting laws,

Question 8

Compulsory Voting

Answer 8

making voting a requirement, not voting is illegal

Question 9

Rational Voting Calculation

Answer 9

Rational? V=(PB) - C+D v=prob of voting; P=prob vote influences outcome; B=benefit of winning; C=cost of winning; D=feeling of duty to vote

Question 10

Four Models of the Voting Decision

Answer 10

partisan attachment, retrospective voting, median voter theory, Ethnocentrism: racial

Question 11

Partisan Attachment

Answer 11

vote with party

Question 12

Retrospective Voting

Answer 12

based on past performances (often myoptic= only look at at past year results)

Question 13

Median Voter Theory

Answer 13

voters back the candidate closest to them in terms of ideologies

Question 14

Ethnocentrism

Answer 14

white votes white, black votes black

Question 15

Selective incentives

Answer 15

private good offered by group leadership to an individual on the condition that the individual contributes to group goal. Individual gets reward that others cannot enjoy who aren’t part of group.

Question 16

Mobilization

Answer 16

the process by which candidates, parties, activists, and groups induce other people to participate. You are mobilized if your likelihood to vote increases

Question 17

Suffrage / barriers to suffrage

Answer 17

red tape lowers turnout; decided by state, non-citizens banned in most states and all fed elections, new voter restrictions in competitive Republican states.

Question 18

Political Knowledge

Answer 18

knowledge isn’t having the full information it requires the ability to predict the consequences of an action