Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Flashcards
Bill of Rights
1st 10 amendments to the constitution, contained basic individual liberties and rights
Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
the bill of rights apply to states and cities not just the federal level
14th Amendment
restricts states from making laws which contradict US federal laws also guarantees due process and equal protection
Equal Protection (part of 14th Amendment)
states must treat people the same with regards to laws and liberties
Due process of law
judicial system must treat people fairly
Strict scrutiny
the most stringent standard of judicial review used by United States courts, impermissible usually have to do with racial discrimination
Rational Basis
test courts may ise to determine the constitutionality of a statute or ordinance. 1. have a legitimate state interest 2.rational connection between the statute’s/ordinance’s means and goals
Establishment clause of the First Amendment
This clause not only forbids the government from establishing an official religion, but also prohibits government actions that unduly favor one religion over another.
Free exercise clause of the First Amendment
prohibiting Congress from making any law prohibiting the free exercise of religion
Takings clause of the Fifth Amendment
private property [shall not] be taken for public use, without just compensation.”
Miranda Rule
the right to be told your rights, if not informed of rights self-incrimination is inadmissible
Roe v. Wade
a case which found that no law can restrict a women’s right to an abortion
Plessy v. Ferguson
allowed for separation by race assuming they were equal
Brown v Board
overturned Plessy v. ferguson since separate is inherently unequal
“Separate but equal” doctrine
constitutional law according to which racial segregation did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guaranteed “equal protection” under the law to all people.
15th amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Speech Plus
A form of expression in which behavior is used by itself or in coordination with written or spoken words to convey an idea or message.
Obergefell v. Hodges
ruled that the fundamental right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples by both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth
