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SOCSCI 2nd Quarter > Political Institution > Flashcards

Political Institution Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to activities through which people make,
preserve, and amend the general rules under which
they live.

A

POLITICS

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2
Q

Refers to activities through which people make,
preserve, and amend the general rules under which
they live.

A

POLITICS

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2
Q

-Is legitimate power

-A person who has authority has the right to exercise
power.

A

AUTHORITY

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3
Q

The exercise of authority means that the person who
exercise power is obeyed by the people because
he/she is recognized as the rightful or legitimate ruler
or leader.

A

AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

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4
Q

Bands during the prehistoric period were only comprised of family members and
their leadership structure was less complicated and simple.

A

HISTORY

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5
Q

Several trends that have been
observed pertaining to the development of political structures and institutions throught
the centuries:

A

-increased population density
-large surplus of resources and wealth
-greater social inequality
-less reliance on kinship relations as basis of political structures
-increased internal and external conflict
-increase power and responsibility of leaders
-increased burden on the population to support political leaders

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5
Q

The establishment of larger
communities such as tribes and chiefdoms paved the way for more complex
forms of organizations where leadership was no longer simply based on skills

A

HISTORY

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6
Q

as societies further progressed from bands to nations, political structures
and institutions evolved in different forms.

A

TRENDS

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7
Q

Originated from the latin word Legitimare,
which means
“to declare lawful,
“and is
broadly defined as “rightfulness.”

A

LEGITIMACY

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8
Q

Confers an order or command an
authoritative or binding character, thus
transforming power into authority

A

LEGITIMACY

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9
Q

_________________ studied the transformation of societies and observed that the bases
of legitimacy of rule vary in different types of societies. He came up with three
types of authority: traditional, charismatic, and legal-rational.

A

Max Weber

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10
Q

is based on the presumed special and extraordinary characteristics or
qualities possessed by a certain individual.

A

CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY

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10
Q

For ________________, there
must be an explanation or justification why certain people rise to positions of
authority or superiority and why they are obeyed. Thus, the important question
to be asked is what makes a rule or a law accepted and obeyed by people.

A

Max Weber

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10
Q

y is based on a system that is believed to have
“always existed.”

A

TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY

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11
Q

The three types of authority identified by Weber are what he referred to as the _______________

A

“ideal or pure types.”

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12
Q

The three types of authority

A

TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY
CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY
LEGAL-RATIONAL

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13
Q

The most typical type of authority, in modern societies.

A

LEGAL-RATIONAL

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14
Q

is generally considered a gift or an innate quality unique to a
person, but there are also instances when it can be manufactured through the use of
propaganda.

A

Charisma

15
Q

Power and authority
in a legal-rational context are legitimized by a clearly defined, set of
written rules and laws.

A

LEGAL-RATIONAL

16
Q

Heads of governments such as _________ and ___________ posses legal-rational authority

A

presidents and prime
ministers

16
Q

can rightfully wield authority if they obtain
their positions according to established procedures such as elections or
through appointment.

A

Leaders

17
Q

Among the three types of authority,
a ______________ system has the highest degree of stability.

A

legal-rational

18
Q

Anthropologists define ________________________ as
“the groups
within a culture that are responsible for public decisionmaking and leadership, maintaining social cohesion and
order, protecting group rights, and ensuring safety from
external threats.
“

A

POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS

19
Q

___________________________ have evolved as societies progressed over time.
From the emergence of simple bands, tribes, and chiefdoms, to the establishment
of modern nation-states, different types of political organizations and leadership
structures emerged as social interactions underwent transformations.

A

Political and leadership structures

20
Q

The ________ was seen
as the head of the community who ensured peace and security within society. He
was seen as a patriarch or a patron and people depended on him for many things.

A

leader

21
Q

are believed to have always existed even in advanced democratic
states.

A

Political Dynasty

22
Q

The relationship involves
two parties: the. These two political trends the ______________ and the ___________ continue to be a challenge to the Philippine political system.

A

patron (politician) and the client (voter)

22
Q

is defined by Susan Stokes
as
“giving material goods in return for electoral support.”

A

political clientelism (or clientelistic politics)

23
Q

refers to a succession from rulers from the same line of descent.

A

Dynasty

24
Q

brought about significant changes in the economic,
social, and political life of societies.

A

Onset of the Industrial Revolution

25
Q

The terms _______ and ________
are often used interchangeably in everyday life.

A

“nation” and “state”

26
Q

nation

A

consists of
a distinct population of people bound together by a common culture, history, and
tradition who are typically concentrated within a specific geographic region.

27
Q

state

A

is a political unit that has sovereignty-the legitimate and ultimate
authority of the state-over an area of territory and the people within it.

28
Q

Two aspects of a nation

A

cultural community and political
community

29
Q

__________ observed that the processes of rationalization and bureaucratization that happened
in Western European societies were a consequence of industrialization.

A

Weber

30
Q

The term bureaucracy means

A

“ruled by officials”

31
Q

is characterized by “rationality, rule-governed behaviors, and
impersonal behavior.”

A

Bureaucracy according to Weber

32
Q

This refers to the emergence of liberal-democratic regimes that are characterized by a
representative form of democracy where political office is gained through formal, competitive
elections in many Western societies.

A

POLITICAL LIBERATION

33
Q

Refers to the pattern of orientation to political objects such as parties, government, and constitution, expressed in
beliefs, symbols, and values.

A

POLITICAL CULTURE

34
Q

People generally acquire values and attitudes about politics and political institutions
through the process of _______________________

A

political socialization

35
Q

Even in
politics, the persistence of clientelism, which was typical in tribes and chiefdoms, indicates that the ties between a
_______ and a
________ have not ceased to exist in some
societies

A

“patron” and a “client”

36
Q

the one who gives benefits

A

patron

37
Q

the recipient of the benefits

A

client

SOCSCI 2nd Quarter (5 decks)

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