Political Instability And Extremism 1919-24 Flashcards
What were all governments?
Coalitions
Why was it not possible to maintain stable coalitions?
Unstable times increased disagreements
Extremist parties would not join coalitions
What were the seats that the USPD had in Jan 1919 compared to Jun 1920?
22———> 83
How many seats did the DNVP gain in Jun 1920 compared to Jan 1919
44 increased to 71
What did the June 1920 elections show?
An increase in extremism
How many coalitions between February 1919 and November 1923?
10
What happened in April 1919?
Strikes in the Ruhr
What happened in October 1919?
Assassination of Hugo Hasse
What happened in February 1920?
Kapp Putsch
What happened in August 1921?
Assassination of Erzberger
What happened in June 1922?
Assassination of Rathenau
What happened in November 1923?
Beer Hall Putsch
What were the challenges from the left?
5th Jan 1919- Spartacist uprising
March 1919- Spartacist uprising in Bavaria
April 1919- Strikes in the Ruhr
1920- 50,000 workers seized control of the Ruhr
March 1921- KPD tried to force revolution
1923- More strikes
How was the Spartacist uprising ended?
Crushed by the Freikorps and leaders executed
What was the Kapp putsch?
Two Freikorps units refused to disband and General Luttwitz marched to Berlin to protest.
Supported by the Civil servant Wolfgang Kapp
Occurred in Feb 1920
Seeckt refused to fight
Ended by general strike
How many political assassinations between 1919 and 1923?
376
Who was Erzberger?
Led the German delegation for the signing of the treaty or Versailles.
Killed by Organisation Consul in August 1921
Who was Rathenau?
Participated in signing of the treaty and tried negotiating with the allies.
Killed by Operation Consul 24th June 1922
Why were right wing conspirators not punished harshly?
Right-wing judges
What was the political impact of the Ruhr invasion?
Middle class support for the Republic lost
Country became more united
Communist tried to use the crisis to revolt
Nationalist accused the republic of betrayal after it stopped paying striking workers
Who was at the front of the idea of Bavarian German nationalists marching on Berlin?
Hitler
When was the Beer Hall putsch?
8-9th November 1923
Who did Hitler secure the support of for the Beer Hall putsch?
Ludendorff
Who did Hitler need to win over?
Von Kahr
Von Lossow
How did he convince Kahr and Von Lossow?
At gunpoint
What happened after convincing Kahr and Lossow failed?
Marched through Munich and had a showdown with police where Hitler fled and Ludendorff was arrested
Who was Kahr?
State commissioner general of Bavaria
Who was Lossow?
Commander of the Reichswehr in Bavaria
