Impact Of War, Political Crisis From October To November 1918 And Establishment Of The Constitution Flashcards
When was the Kaisers abdication announced?
1:30pm 9th November 1918
When did the Kaiser go into the exile in the Netherlands
10th November 1918
When was the Armistice?
11 November 1918
What were President Wilson’s 14 points
Return of Alscace Lorraine
League Of Nations established
Self-Determination
General Disarmement
What was the goal of Wilson’s 14 points?
To prevent another war
What were the October reforms?
A series of reforms that were an attempt for the Kaiser to maintain power
Who was appointed Chancellor in the October reforms?
Prince Max Of Baden
Who was the majority Reichstag party during the October reforms?
SPD
Who had control of the army due to the October reforms?
The civil government
Why were the October reforms significant?
Major constitutional transformation
When did Prince Max Of Baden send a peace note to Wilson?
3rd October 1918
Why was the peace note not immediately accepted?
Wilson did not trust them
How did the peace note affect the German people?
Crushed morale and caused unrest and revolution
When was the first naval mutiny?
28th October 1918
When was the Kiel mutiny?
3rd November 1918
When was the Bavarian republic proclaimed?
8th November 1918
What did the SDP call on the 9th November 1918?
A general strike to force the Kaisers abdication
Who released the press statement which said the Kaiser had abdicated?
Prince Max of Baden
Who became Chancellor after Prince Max
Friedrich Ebert
When was the Ebert-Groener pact?
10th November 1918
Why could Ebert not enact authority?
Wasn’t legitimate and power didn’t extend beyond Berlin
Who were the 3 Socialist parties in 1918?
Spartacist League
USPD
SPD
When was an agreement between Eberts government and the soldiers councils made?
22nd November 1918
How did Ebert allies on the left view the Ebert-Groener pact?
As a betrayal
What happened on the 6th December 1918?
Spartacist demonstration fired upon by soldiers killing 16
What happened on the 23-24 December 1918?
Sailors revolt put down by army. 3 USPD members resign
What happened to the Spartacist Uprising?
It was crushed
When was the Spartacist uprising?
6th January 1919
What were the strengths of the constitution?
Wider rights to vote
Proportional representation
Full democracy
Rights enshrined in the constitution
Referendums could be called by president
Weaknesses of the constitution?
Proliferation of smaller parties
Coalition governments
What was article 48?
Power to rule by decree in exceptional circumstances
What were the issues with Article 48?
No effective safeguards
Could be abused
Didn’t state what constituted as an emergency
Undemocratic
What undemocratic institutions survived?
The army- very right wing wanted the empire back
The civil service- recruited from aristocracy undemocratic outlook
The judiciary- staunchly monarchist qnd anti-democratic
