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POSC 215: Comparative Politics Exam 5 > Political Economy & Development > Flashcards

Political Economy & Development Flashcards

1
Q

When the Chinese Communist Party came to power in 1949, China’s economy was suffering from more than a hundred years of rebellion, invasion, civil war, and bad government. True or False

A

True

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2
Q

In the early part of the Chinese communist revolution, the government initially allowed some private ownership and many aspects of capitalism to continue in order to gain support for the government and revive the economy. True or False

A

True

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3
Q

In the beginning of communist rule, China’s planned economy yielded horrible results with bureaucratic bottlenecks and unnecessary, wasteful red-tape. True or False

A

False

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4
Q

In spite of the reforms that were instituted by Deng, much of China’s economy today is still dominated by prices being set by administrative decree rather than market forces. True or False

A

False

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5
Q

Although vastly outnumbered by private enterprises with many more workers in today’s Chinese economy, state-owned enterprises still dominate its critical parts. True or False

A

True

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6
Q

In China, the state-owned sector remains a huge drain on the country’s economy. True or False

A

True

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7
Q

The Chinese Communist Party is still exclusively manned by people that come from the public sector and refuse to allow owners of private enterprises to join. True or False

A

False

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8
Q

The PRC has had the fastest-growing major economy in the world for more than two decades. True or False

A

True

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9
Q

Under Deng’s revamped agricultural system, the village still owns the farmland, but it is contracted out by the local government to individual families. True or False

A

True

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10
Q

Although economic reform has generated a tremendous amount of opportunities for the people of China, it has also brought with it serious social problems that include crime and prostitution. True or False

A

True

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11
Q

The government of China officially reports that the unemployment rate is about 4 percent of the urban labor force, a figure that many believe is actually two to three times higher. True or False

A

True

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12
Q

In spite of the fact that women benefitted from socio-economic reforms since the founding of the PRC, with the introduction of market reforms the trends are going toward greater inequality for women, keeping the majority in lower-paying, subordinate positions. True or False

A

True

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13
Q

Farm labor has become increasingly feminized as many men move to jobs in rural industry or migrate to the cities. True or False

A

True

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14
Q

While the PRC government praises the success of the one-child policy, it has been met with little resistance in the rural areas because of the benefits that are provided. True or False

A

False

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15
Q

Although there has been some relaxation of the one-child policy, especially for rural couples and ethnic minorities, the PRC has announced that it will remain in effect until at least 2015. True or False

A

True

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16
Q

Unlike the United States, China has been able to better control pollution by introducing harsher restrictions on carbon dioxide emissions. True or False

A

False

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17
Q

Chinese exports have soared from negligible levels in the late 1970s to the world leader, ahead of Germany, the United States, and Japan. True or False

A

True

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18
Q

In spite of China’s dramatic economic growth rates in foreign trade, it is still more economically independent in this area than the United States or Japan. True or False

A

False

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19
Q

Despite having large domestic sources of petroleum and sizeable untapped reserves, China is now a net importer of oil. True or False

A

True

20
Q

Because of the CCP ideology, it has made every effort to dissuade and limit accessibility to cigarettes, ostracizing smokers from leadership positions. True or False

A

False

21
Q

Under Deng Xiaoping and his successors, the party-state has given up much of its control of the economy and encouraged free market forces, private ownership, international trade, and foreign investment. True or False

A

True

22
Q

During World War II, China fought against the United States aligning itself with the former Soviet Union. True or False

A

False

23
Q

In the early 1950s, the CCP set up a: a) market oriented economy for the rural areas, b) socialist planned economy based on the Soviet model, c) flexible system that incorporated elements of both socialism and free market principles, d) rigidly impenetrable economic system that was geared only for domestic self-reliance and nothing more.

A

b) socialist planned economy based on the Soviet model

24
Q

Mao’s approach and vision for the Chinese economy, reflective of the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, was to: a) establish a highly, streamlined bureaucracy where efficiency took priority over redundancy and rewards would be doled out based on performance, b) create a less bureaucratic and more egalitarian system compared to the Soviet model, c) establish a hybrid system of free economic zones in some sectors of society while simultaneously experimenting with socialist principles in other sectors, d) eradicate any challengers or threats to one-party rule so that the CPP would exist and dominate in perpetuity.

A

c) establish a hybrid system of free economic zones in some sectors of society while simultaneously experimenting with socialist principles in other sectors,

25
Q

What did Den Xiaoping mean when he remarked, “It doesn’t matter whether a cat is white or black, as long as it catches mice.” a) It is better to survive even if it meant eating mice rather than starve to death, b) Don’t be preoccupied with your neighbor’s behavior. Focus on your own to assure the success of the revolution. c) Don’t be overly concerned whether a particular policy is socialist or capitalist as long as it helps the economy, d) It is better to be quick to change course, like a cat when it captures a mouse, while being true to the revolution.

A

c) Don’t be overly concerned whether a particular policy is socialist or capitalist as long as it helps the economy

26
Q

Companies in which a majority of ownership control is held by the government: a) government driven businesses, b) state controlled firms, c) state-owned enterprises, d) government directed companies.

A

c) state-owned enterprises

27
Q

From 1990 to 2009, China’s GDP per capita grew at an average rate of a little over: a) 5.2%, b) 6.6%, c) 7.23%, d) 9%.

A

d) 9%

28
Q

As of 2010, GDP per capita in the United States was $47,500 while China’s was: a) $7,400, b) $12,900, c) $14, 300, d) $19,500.

A

a) $7,400

29
Q

The term used by the government of China to refer to the country’s current economic system: a) communist state economy, b) social-democratic economy, c) socialist market economy, d) Marxist structured economy.

A

c) socialist market economy

30
Q

In the mid to late 1950s when collectivization was introduced in the Chinese countryside, a) peasants were allowed to keep whatever they produced, b) peasants had to sell most crops and other farm products to the state at low fixed prices, c) peasants were free to sell their products to the highest bidder, d) peasants earned salaries based on market demands.

A

b) peasants had to sell most crops and other farm products to the state at low fixed prices

31
Q

The system put into practice in China beginning in the early 1980s in which the major decisions about agricultural production are made by individual farm families based on a profit motive rather than by a people’s commune or the government: a) elaborate local control, b) bourgeois decision-making, c) decoupling agrarian reform, d) household responsibility system.

A

d) household responsibility system.

32
Q

Today, how many people are employed in rural factories and businesses outside of the urban areas in China? a) 60 million, b) 190 million, c) 270 million, d) 325 million.

A

b) 190 million

33
Q

A feature of China’s socialist economy during the Maoist era (1949–1976) that provided guarantees of lifetime employment, income, and basic cradle-to-grave benefits to most urban and rural workers: a) communist commitment system, b) iron rice bowl, c) communal safety net, d) socialist security rights.

A

b) iron rice bowl

34
Q

Migrants from the rural areas of China who have moved temporarily to the cities to find employment: a) floating population, b) agrarian labor migration, c) employment safety valve, d) egalitarian adjustment activity.

A

a) floating population

35
Q

Because of the rising disparities in income distribution, especially between the urban areas of China, the CCP has begun to promote the development of a higher average standard of living for the whole country, referred to as: a) egalitarian socialism, b) constructive redistribution, c) harmonious socialist society, d) equitable income balance.

A

c) harmonious socialist society

36
Q

At China’s current population growth rate, it will double in: a) 45 years, b) 56 years, c) 91 years, d) 144 years.

A

d) 144 years

37
Q

How much did foreign trade account for the PRC’s GDP from 2000-2009? a) 39%, b) 47%, d) 53%, d) 60%.

A

d) 60%

38
Q

What is the primary reason that attracts foreign companies and investors to the one-party, authoritarian state known as China? a) the government’s stability, b) the low wages, c) the lack of oversight, d) the government’s subsidies.

A

b) the low wages*

39
Q

Sino is a term derived from Latin that is often used to refer to: a) Argentina, b) China, c) New Zealand, d) Indonesia.

A

b) China

40
Q

Why did Sino-American relations warm up after decades of hostility and tension? a) China was fearful that the United States would one release its nuclear arsenal against it, b) Each country saw the Soviet Union as its main enemy and decided to cooperate with each other in order to weaken their common foe. c) For years, religious organizations in the U.S. had been demanding that Washington seek some form of rapprochement, d) The U.S. was losing the Vietnam War and believed that the only it could extricate itself was by establishing closer ties with China, Vietnam’s primary supporter.

A

b) Each country saw the Soviet Union as its main enemy and decided to cooperate with each other in order to weaken their common foe.

41
Q

In 2009, U.S. imports from China totaled almost: a) $70 billion, b) $175 billion, c) $300 billion, d) $450 billion.

A

c) $300 billion,

42
Q

How much U.S. government debt is owed to China, according to the authors? a) $450 billion, b) $530 billion, c) $750 billion, d) $900 billion.

A

d) $900 billion

43
Q

In mid-to the late 1950s, what did the CCP do in the countryside?

a) The state reorganized peasants into \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ farms and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
b) in which the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, not \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, owned the land, 
c) and local officials directed all \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_.
A

a) collective, communes
b) village, individuals
c) production, labor

44
Q

What methods have been applied by China’s government to enforce its one-child policy?

a) Intensive \_\_\_\_\_\_ campaigns laud the patriotic virtues and economic benefits of 	small families.
b) Positive incentives such as more \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ or preferred \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ have been 	offered to couples with only one child.
c) Large \_\_\_\_\_ and loss of \_\_\_\_\_ have been used to punish violators.
A

a) media
b) farmland, housing
c) fines, jobs

45
Q

In the early 1980s, China embarked on a strategy of using trade as a central component of Deng Xiaoping’s drive for economic development which included:

a) following the model \_\_\_\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pioneered by \_\_\_\_\_\_ and newly 	industrializing countries (NICs) such as the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and 	Taiwan.
b) taking advantage of \_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_ domestic \_\_\_\_\_\_ to produce goods that are in 	demand internationally. 
c) using the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ from those goods to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the economy.
A

a) export-led growth, Japan
b) low-wage, labor
c) earnings, modernize

46
Q

What are some of the concerns raised by critics of U.S.-China trade policy?

a) the PRC engages in unfair \_\_\_\_\_\_ practices, 
b) exploits \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ labor, 
c) and suppresses independent \_\_\_\_\_\_ activity.
A

a) trade
b) sweatshop
c) union

47
Q

How does the United States benefit from U.S. trade with China?

a) consumers benefit greatly by the availability of a large variety of \_\_\_\_\_-	\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ products. 
b) the United States should focus on developing more \_\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_ businesses to 	create jobs rather than trying to compete with China and other countries in “old-	fashioned” \_\_\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ industries. 
c) many American firms have huge \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in China, which will grow as will 	\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_for American products as that country becomes more modern and 	prosperous.
A

a) less-expensive
b) high-tech, labor-intensive
c) investments, demand

POSC 215: Comparative Politics Exam 5 (6 decks)

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