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History - Labour 1964-70 > Political Developments: Education Reform > Flashcards

Political Developments: Education Reform Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was made the Education Minister in 1965?

A

Anthony Crosland

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2
Q

Why did Crosland not like grammar schools?

A

Because he was educated in the public school system

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3
Q

What book did Crosland write in what year?

A

Future of Socialism, 1956

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4
Q

What did Croslands book say?

A

Socialism adapted to Britain in modern ways is needed

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5
Q

What did the Robbins report say about British University availability?

A

Britain was behind Germany France and the USA

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6
Q

What did most British students in higher education take courses in in the early 1960s?

A

Art

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7
Q

How did Labour expand higher education?

A

9 Colleges of Tech made universities More Polytechnics uni’s madeMore charters provided to existing uni’s

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8
Q

How many degree-awarding Polytechnics were there in 1968 and 1970?

A

30 Polytechnics courses in 1968 38 courses in 1970

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9
Q

What did the creation of more universities show about society? (Use the keyword)

A

It was becoming more of a meritocracy

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10
Q

What are Polytechnics?What age could you do these?

A

Science and technology focused courses for people of all ages

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11
Q

What are ‘polys’ ?

A

Universities teaching Polytechnics and part time education for poorly educated adults

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12
Q

What was a limitation with Polytechnics?

A

Never seemed more as second class universities

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13
Q

What was a limitation with Polytechnics?

A

33,000 students in 1962, 15000 students in 1970

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14
Q

What university also opened in 1969?

A

Open University

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15
Q

What did Crosland do to get more comprehensive schools built?

A

He issued a request to all LEA’S to convert to them

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16
Q

What was significant about the comprehensive conversion request?

A

It was not a law or a reform, it was just a request

17
Q

What was the comprehensive school conversion request called?

A

Directive 10/65

18
Q

What helped the speed of comprehensive conversion in 1966?

A

Extra funding offered to LEA’S if they drew up plans for comprehensive schools

19
Q

What does LEA stand for?

A

Local Education Authorities

20
Q

How many comprehensive schools were there in 1970?

A

1145

21
Q

Fraction of state educated children in comprehensives by 1970?

A

1/3

22
Q

How much did education expenditure go up each year from 1964-70?

A

6-7%

23
Q

What percentage of children stayed in school past 15 in 1960 compared to 1970?

A

27.3% in 196051% in 1970

24
Q

How many pupils were educated in comprehensive schools in 1964 and 1951?

A

1 in 100 in 19511 in 10 in 1964

25
Q

What is significant about the amount of children in comprehensives in 1964?

A

Still gone up heavily in 13 years without Croslands help

26
Q

What did Wilson promise about Comprehensive School education?

A

It would be at the level of grammar school education

27
Q

What was the reality with Wilson’s grammar school education promise?

A

Lots of students would not be able to handle it

28
Q

Did the education changes help Britain? Why?

A

It is unclear as there was no accurate measurement to show improvement

29
Q

What were 2 limitations of more comprehensive schools?

A

Intelligent poor children lost higher education to move up a classRich families went to direct grant or independent schools

30
Q

What did many critics say Labour should have focussed on instead of comprehensive conversion?

A

Keeping the Tripartite system and improving secondary moderns

31
Q

Act creating the Tripartite system? What year?

A

The Butler Education Act, 1944

32
Q

What class were the majority of grammar students from?

A

Middle Class

33
Q

What did the education reforms change in the way society would work?

A

Made it more meritocratic

34
Q

What is significant about a more meritocratic society?

A

It would be more equal and less establishment-run

History - Labour 1964-70 (41 decks)

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