Political Developments: Education Reform

Question 1

Who was made the Education Minister in 1965?

Answer 1

Anthony Crosland

Question 2

Why did Crosland not like grammar schools?

Answer 2

Because he was educated in the public school system

Question 3

What book did Crosland write in what year?

Answer 3

Future of Socialism, 1956

Question 4

What did Croslands book say?

Answer 4

Socialism adapted to Britain in modern ways is needed

Question 5

What did the Robbins report say about British University availability?

Answer 5

Britain was behind Germany France and the USA

Question 6

What did most British students in higher education take courses in in the early 1960s?

Answer 6

Art

Question 7

How did Labour expand higher education?

Answer 7

9 Colleges of Tech made universities More Polytechnics uni’s madeMore charters provided to existing uni’s

Question 8

How many degree-awarding Polytechnics were there in 1968 and 1970?

Answer 8

30 Polytechnics courses in 1968 38 courses in 1970

Question 9

What did the creation of more universities show about society? (Use the keyword)

Answer 9

It was becoming more of a meritocracy

Question 10

What are Polytechnics?What age could you do these?

Answer 10

Science and technology focused courses for people of all ages

Question 11

What are ‘polys’ ?

Answer 11

Universities teaching Polytechnics and part time education for poorly educated adults

Question 12

What was a limitation with Polytechnics?

Answer 12

Never seemed more as second class universities

Question 13

What was a limitation with Polytechnics?

Answer 13

33,000 students in 1962, 15000 students in 1970

Question 14

What university also opened in 1969?

Answer 14

Open University

Question 15

What did Crosland do to get more comprehensive schools built?

Answer 15

He issued a request to all LEA’S to convert to them

Question 16

What was significant about the comprehensive conversion request?

Answer 16

It was not a law or a reform, it was just a request

Question 17

What was the comprehensive school conversion request called?

Answer 17

Directive 10/65

Question 18

What helped the speed of comprehensive conversion in 1966?

Answer 18

Extra funding offered to LEA’S if they drew up plans for comprehensive schools

Question 19

What does LEA stand for?

Answer 19

Local Education Authorities

Question 20

How many comprehensive schools were there in 1970?

Answer 20

1145

Question 21

Fraction of state educated children in comprehensives by 1970?

Answer 21

1/3

Question 22

How much did education expenditure go up each year from 1964-70?

Answer 22

6-7%

Question 23

What percentage of children stayed in school past 15 in 1960 compared to 1970?

Answer 23

27.3% in 196051% in 1970

Question 24

How many pupils were educated in comprehensive schools in 1964 and 1951?

Answer 24

1 in 100 in 19511 in 10 in 1964

Question 25

What is significant about the amount of children in comprehensives in 1964?

Answer 25

Still gone up heavily in 13 years without Croslands help

Question 26

What did Wilson promise about Comprehensive School education?

Answer 26

It would be at the level of grammar school education

Question 27

What was the reality with Wilson's grammar school education promise?

Answer 27

Lots of students would not be able to handle it

Question 28

Did the education changes help Britain? Why?

Answer 28

It is unclear as there was no accurate measurement to show improvement

Question 29

What were 2 limitations of more comprehensive schools?

Answer 29

Intelligent poor children lost higher education to move up a classRich families went to direct grant or independent schools

Question 30

What did many critics say Labour should have focussed on instead of comprehensive conversion?

Answer 30

Keeping the Tripartite system and improving secondary moderns

Question 31

Act creating the Tripartite system? What year?

Answer 31

The Butler Education Act, 1944

Question 32

What class were the majority of grammar students from?

Answer 32

Middle Class

Question 33

What did the education reforms change in the way society would work?

Answer 33

Made it more meritocratic

Question 34

What is significant about a more meritocratic society?

Answer 34

It would be more equal and less establishment-run