Politeness strategies & Register Flashcards
What are Halliday’s categories of register
field
tenor
mode
what is Halliday’s category of field?
topic of conversation/text, affects formality as it determines vocab
what is Halliday’s category of tenor?
relationship between participants, will determine linguistic features
what is Halliday’s category of mode?
the mode of communication; spoken, written, mixed, multimodal
features of informal language
colloquialisms, ellision, taboos, high frequency, dysphemism, vulgarity, monosyllabic, ellipsis, slang
features of formal language
jargon, standard grammar, latinate lexis, low frequency, euphemism, polysyllabic
What are Joos’ levels of formality?
frozen formal consultative casual intimate
what is a frozen register (Joos)
printed, unchanging language
eg. bible verses
what is a formal register (Joos)
one way participation, no interruptions & technical vocab
what is a consultative register (Joos)
two way participation, background info provided, back channelling common, interruptions
what is a casual register (Joos)
group of friends, no background info given, ellipsis and slang, interruptions
what is a intimate register (Joos)
non-public, intonation more important that wording or grammar, private vocab
what theory did Goffman come up with?
Face Theory (positive & negative face), we try to save ours and other’s faces
what is a positive face
need to maintain self esteem, need to be liked and accepted
what is a negative face
our own self interest, threatened when asked to something we don’t want to
