Policys

Question 1

What is the aim of psychoanalysis? (Freud)

Answer 1

To highlight the unconscious conflict between the ID and the SUPEREGO, and to access repressed thoughts that could be the cause of criminality.

Question 2

What is the evidence in support to psychoanalysis therapy? (2)

Answer 2

• McLead - criminals may be cured by making their unconscious thoughts conscious in the hope they no longer act on them as they have to think about the action.
• Not costly

Question 3

What are the limitations in psychoanalysis therapy? (4)

Answer 3

• Is a lengthy treatment
• Only 40% of patients who under go psychoanalysis improve
• It could be considered morally incorrect and a form of abuse, as the people who administer the psychoanalysis have the power to say what’s right and wrong
• Blackburn - insufficient evidence in support

Question 4

What is the aim of Operant Learning?

Answer 4

To rehabilitate offenders by positive reinforcement of pro-social behaviors, through token economies. (Bandura)

Question 5

What is the evidence in support of operant learning? (2)

Answer 5

• Hobbs and Holt - young offenders show big different in positive behavior using a token enconomy compared to the non-token group.
• Allyon and Milan - found similar results in adults

Question 6

What is the limitations of operant learning? (3)

Answer 6

• People may fake good behavior to earn rewards and then revert back to their old self
• Hobbs and Holt- found short term effectiveness
• Ethical? deciding who gets what if you behave in a certain way

Question 7

Who is aversion theory for?

Answer 7

Sex offenders

Question 8

How does aversion therapy work?

Answer 8

Asked about sexual fanasty until aroused - aversive stimulus given - procedure repeated

Question 9

what evidence for support is there in regards to aversion therapy? (3)

Answer 9

• Better than no treatment at all
• can be combined with different types of therapy
• In a study, 50% of alcoholics abstain from drinking for at least a year

Question 10

what is the limitations of aversion therapy? (2)

Answer 10

• is it ethical?

- reoffending rates are high

Question 11

What is CBT and what is the aim?

Answer 11

Looks at the thought process which shapes our behavior - aim to change this and change this behavior
(covers wide range of offenders)
Offenders have a distorted cognition that can be changes to reduce the chance of them reoffending

Question 12

What does CBT stand for?

Answer 12

Cognitive behavior therapy

Question 13

Strengths of CBT (2)

Answer 13

Novaco - inability to manage anger leads to anti-social behavior
-widely used in the uk for anger management courses with good results

Question 14

Cons of CBT (2)

Answer 14

• Little long term research

- doesn’t take place in a natural environment