Policy Flashcards
What is the Butler Education Act 1944?
Introduced the Tripartite system.
What is the tripartite system?
Children sat the 11+ exam and allocated to 1 of 3 types of schools:
Grammar
Secondary Modern
Technical
What is a grammar school?
Offered academic curriculum and access to non manual jobs and university.
Mainly M/C
Secondary Modern Schools
Children who failed the 11+ education.
Offered non-academic practical curriculum.
Mainly w/c
Technical schools
only exist in a few areas - not many attend
How did the tripartite system and 11+ exams produce inequality?
Channelled 2 social classes which offered unequal opportunities.
Girls required to get higher marks than boys to pass.
11+ test was culturally biased in favour of M/C - elaborate code
What does SHOP stand for?
School league tables
His majesties inspectorite - OFSTED
Open days
Parentocracy
How has marketisation created an education market?
Reducing direct state control
Increasing competition between schools
Increasing parental choice
Who favours marketisation?
Neo liberals
New right
What do Neo-libs and new right believe about marketisation?
schools will have to attract customers by competing, so will increase the performance
How did Miriam David describe marketisation of education?
Parentocracy - rule by parents
How does Ball criticise marketisation?
Increased inequalities through use of league tables and formula funding.
What is cream skinning?
Good schools can be more selective with their customer recruit - high-achieving, mainly middle class students.
What is silt shifting?
Good schools can avoid taking less able, mainly w.c students who will affect league table positioning.
What is the funding formula?
Schools allocated funds based on how many students they attract.
Popular schools = get more funding = better experience.
What did Gerwitz find parents had more of?
Parental choice.
What were the 3 types of choosers?
Priviledged skilled
Disconnected local
Semi-skilled
What does Ball say about the myth of meritocracy?
Marketisation gives the appearance of parentocracy.
M/C parents are able to take advantage
Makes inequality appear fair and inevitable.
Name 3 New Labour policies:
Education Action Zones - ensured disadvantaged areas had resources.
Aim higher programme - raise aspirations of grounds underrepresented
Education Maintainance Allowance - payments to students from low income backgrounds to encourage them to stay on.
What is pupil premium?
extra money schools received per student from a disadvantaged background.
How is PP criticised?
The money given isnt always sent on those its supposed to help.
What is the 1988 Education Act?
introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system (National curriculum).
What is the MCE?
Multicultural Education -
promote the achievement of E.M by valuing all cultures in the school curriculum, raising self-esteem.
