DEA CLASS - internal

Question 1

What do Smith and Noble say about material deprivation?

Answer 1

If families are materially deprived, they may fall behind in their school work. Socially disadvantaged schools are concentrated in a limited number of increasingly unpopular schools.

Question 2

What did Donald Hirsch say about students who were wealthier?

Answer 2

More likely to have structured activities, e.g. sports, music lessons. These activities helped them learn particular skills and a greater confidence. Also had own space (bedroom) to do homework from.

Question 3

What did Reay et al.’s questionnaire show?

Answer 3

W/C students intended to apply to their closest university because they felt they could not afford the costs of travel and accommodation away from home.

Gave less opportunity to go to high status uni’s, and working part -time makes it difficult to gain higher-class degrees.

Question 4

Who stated private tutors are becoming more popular?

Answer 4

Mike Britland - not just used in exam season, but also over summer to ensure children do not slip backwards educationally

Question 5

What is cultural deprivation?

Answer 5

A lack of basic cultural equipment and necessary attributes to achieve academically.

Question 6

Examples of cultural deprivation?

Answer 6

lack attitudes and values necessary for success.
lack knowledge to succeed - not benefitted from parental knowledge
lack ability to speak, read, write and think in certain ways

Question 6

What did Bereiter and Englemann claim?

Answer 6

Language used in lower class homes is deficient.
W/C families communicate in gestures, single words or disjointed phrases.
W/C kids fail to develop logically thinking skills

Question 7

What did Bull argue about state education?

Answer 7

It is not free - covert costs such as school uniform, equipment, lunches etc.

Question 8

Who invented the term habitus?

Answer 8

Pierre Boudeau

Question 9

What did research by Douglas and Feinstein show about W/C parents?

Answer 9

Less likely to show an interest in their child’s academic achievements, provide support, discipline or attend school events.

Question 10

Describe the W/C foci - Sugarman

Answer 10

Belief that social status and future are predetermined and unchangeable.
Leads to hopelessness.

Question 11

Describe the M/C foci - Sugarman

Answer 11

Belief of personal growth and achievement.
Emphasise importance of individual
Prioritise long-term goals over short-term goals - assosciated with hard work.

Question 12

What language code does Bernstein say education uses?

Answer 12

Elaborate code - w/c children are more likely to be socialised into restricted code making it harder for them to adapt.

Textbooks and exam answers are written in elaborate code.

Question 13

What did Gerwitz state about cultural capital?

Answer 13

Parents’ levels of cultural capital can lead to major differences in their choices regarding education.

Question 14

What are the three types of parental choices AND who were they stated by?

Answer 14

Gerwitz

Priviledged skilled choosers
Disconnected local choosers
semi-skilled choosers

Question 15

What are privileged skilled choosers?

Answer 15

Can manipulate the system and secure place for their child in desired school. e.g. move catchment area, manage appeals process etc.

Question 16

What are disconnected local choosers?

Answer 16

Lack skills and resources to navigate system effectively.
Rely on local schools or closest option, which may not benefit their child.

Question 17

What are semi-skilled choosers?

Answer 17

Possess some skills and resources but not enough to guarantee access to most desirable schools.

Question 18

Who criticised Bernstein’s theory of language codes?

Answer 18

Gaine and George
- stated he oversimplified difference between speech patterns.
- assumed all M/C speak in elaborated code
- little evidence to back up his claims

Question 19

How did Fernstein support Douglas’ view on parental support and education?

Answer 19

Concluded that a parents’ own education affects students.

M/C parents more likely to have gone to university and have an advantage on socialising their children.

W/C parents have inconsistent discipline - prevents kids from learning independence and self-control - leads to disruption at school.

Question 20

What did Bernstein and Young find about mothers?

Answer 20

M/C mothers are more likely to buy educational toys and books which stimulates intellectual development.
M/C mothers also had better understanding of nutrition and a higher income so can provide better diet.

Question 21

What did Sugarman say about W/C attitudes and jobs

Answer 21

W/C are unable to defer gratification, unlikely to sacrifice immediate income by staying in education.
What will be will be attitude.
Jobs are less secure and have no career structure so few promotional opportunities.

Question 22

What did Sugarman say about M/C attitudes and jobs?

Answer 22

Believe you can change your situation through hard work and effort.

Focus on not being held back by group loyalties.

Secure jobs that offer prospects for individual advancement.

Question 23

How did Nell Keddie criticise C.D?

Answer 23

C.D is a myth and a victim-blaming experiment.

Dismisses idea that failure at school can be blamed on C.D home background.

W/C kids are culturally different, not deprived. Fail because they are put at a disadvantage by education system that reflects M/C values.

Question 24

How can M/C parents use their human capital to get into good schools?

Answer 24

Leech and Campos - more likely to afford houses in catchment areas “selective by mortage”

Ball et al - Use cultural capital to play the system.
- Make a good impression on head teacher
- Mount an appeal if child is unsuccessful in application

Question 25

Evaluate cultural capital theories:

Answer 25

+ do not assume W/C is inferior
- fail to acknowledge material factors shape different cultures.