Policies for greater equality - Comprehensive schools Flashcards
what is the aim of comprehensive schools
- to provide a school for all students no matter their background/ability
- to improve social mobility, enabling all students to improve their social standing in society
when were comprehensive schools introduced
1965
name one comprehensive school as an example
saddleworth school in uppermill
(ao3) comprehensive schools still have a divide as the schools reflect the…
catchment area
define catchment area
schools in mc areas full of mc students, schools in wc areas full of wc students
how does streaming and setting in comprehensive schools reproduce inequalities
wc students dont fit ‘the ideal pupil’ - teachers assume theyre less able - placing them in bottom sets with the worst teachers
who introduced education maintenance allowance and when
the labour government in 1999
what was the aim for education maintenance allowance
to encourage students from disadvantaged backgrounds to study post-16
what did education maintenance allowance do to encourage students
gave money to low income students (wc) if they stayed in education post-16 to overcome the barrier of material deprivation
how did EMA help students
helped students withmaterial deprivation to cover..
- travel costs
- dinner
- stationary
- books
(ao3) at the same time of introducing EMA, the gov increased university tuition fees. How can you critisise this?
wc students still economically excluded from attending uni due to material deprivation
wc students = debt averse + reluctant to apply over fears of growing debt
when was compensatory education introduced
1990s
what was the aim of compensatory education
to help all children to achieve no matter their background
what is compensatory education
extra services + programmes to help disadvantaged students
name one example of compensatory education + how this helps students achieve
free school meals/breakfast clubs - students eat nutricious food -> can concentrate in lesson/ will have energy to learn
2 (ao3) of compensatory education
. negative stereotyping - dont take fsm due to stigma - afraid theyll be bullied
. dont get fsm outside of school/during holidays - families forced to go to food banks + charities - fsm has limited impact in aiding concentration with at home revising
when and why was excellence in cities introduced
1999
to raise aspirations of wc students living in deprived inner city areas
excellence in cities is another form of…
compensatory education
what did excellence in cities do to help students
gifted students were given
- learning mentors
schools started to work closely with local businesses + companies who’d give talks
one example of excellence in cities
‘lawyers in schools’ - scheme involved lawyers going into schools to run educational sessions + raise aspirations
excellence in cities dont break down barriers in accessing top jobs, give statistics for how we know this.
about one third population of ‘lawyers in school scheme’ are wc but only 10% make it into top jobs
why do wc graduates struggle to get places on training schemes (for law - top jobs)
schemes look at accents, mannerisms,clothing etc, wanting someone from higher bg - wc talk in restricted code
- mc have cultural + economic capital so they find it easier (have connections from parents)
why were academies introduced
to tackle under-performing schools
what were the first kind of academies introduced by labour govt + explain what this type of academy does
- sponsored academies
- failing schools turned into academies -> improve standards + achievement
why is academies being run by businesses bad
businesses have profit in mind, not the pupils
- first invest lots of money to improve grades - overtime invest less money
2022 ao3 research on academies increasing social class inequalities
2022 research - academies achieve lower results than state-maintained schools - wc still achieve lower grades despite being in academies
what government introduced pupil premium
the coalition government
what is pupil premium
schools receive extra money for students from low income backgrounds
what are the aims of pupil premium
- overcome material deprivation
- develop wc students cultural capital (school trips to museums, theatres etc)
