Policies for greater equality - Comprehensive schools

Question 1

what is the aim of comprehensive schools

Answer 1

• to provide a school for all students no matter their background/ability
• to improve social mobility, enabling all students to improve their social standing in society

Question 2

when were comprehensive schools introduced

Answer 2

1965

Question 3

name one comprehensive school as an example

Answer 3

saddleworth school in uppermill

Question 4

(ao3) comprehensive schools still have a divide as the schools reflect the…

Answer 4

catchment area

Question 5

define catchment area

Answer 5

schools in mc areas full of mc students, schools in wc areas full of wc students

Question 6

how does streaming and setting in comprehensive schools reproduce inequalities

Answer 6

wc students dont fit ‘the ideal pupil’ - teachers assume theyre less able - placing them in bottom sets with the worst teachers

Question 7

who introduced education maintenance allowance and when

Answer 7

the labour government in 1999

Question 8

what was the aim for education maintenance allowance

Answer 8

to encourage students from disadvantaged backgrounds to study post-16

Question 9

what did education maintenance allowance do to encourage students

Answer 9

gave money to low income students (wc) if they stayed in education post-16 to overcome the barrier of material deprivation

Question 10

how did EMA help students

Answer 10

helped students withmaterial deprivation to cover..
- travel costs
- dinner
- stationary
- books

Question 11

(ao3) at the same time of introducing EMA, the gov increased university tuition fees. How can you critisise this?

Answer 11

wc students still economically excluded from attending uni due to material deprivation

wc students = debt averse + reluctant to apply over fears of growing debt

Question 12

when was compensatory education introduced

Answer 12

1990s

Question 13

what was the aim of compensatory education

Answer 13

to help all children to achieve no matter their background

Question 14

what is compensatory education

Answer 14

extra services + programmes to help disadvantaged students

Question 15

name one example of compensatory education + how this helps students achieve

Answer 15

free school meals/breakfast clubs - students eat nutricious food -> can concentrate in lesson/ will have energy to learn

Question 16

2 (ao3) of compensatory education

Answer 16

. negative stereotyping - dont take fsm due to stigma - afraid theyll be bullied

. dont get fsm outside of school/during holidays - families forced to go to food banks + charities - fsm has limited impact in aiding concentration with at home revising

Question 17

when and why was excellence in cities introduced

Answer 17

1999
to raise aspirations of wc students living in deprived inner city areas

Question 18

excellence in cities is another form of…

Answer 18

compensatory education

Question 19

what did excellence in cities do to help students

Answer 19

gifted students were given
- learning mentors
schools started to work closely with local businesses + companies who’d give talks

Question 20

one example of excellence in cities

Answer 20

‘lawyers in schools’ - scheme involved lawyers going into schools to run educational sessions + raise aspirations

Question 21

excellence in cities dont break down barriers in accessing top jobs, give statistics for how we know this.

Answer 21

about one third population of ‘lawyers in school scheme’ are wc but only 10% make it into top jobs

Question 22

why do wc graduates struggle to get places on training schemes (for law - top jobs)

Answer 22

schemes look at accents, mannerisms,clothing etc, wanting someone from higher bg - wc talk in restricted code

• mc have cultural + economic capital so they find it easier (have connections from parents)

Question 23

why were academies introduced

Answer 23

to tackle under-performing schools

Question 24

what were the first kind of academies introduced by labour govt + explain what this type of academy does

Answer 24

• sponsored academies
• failing schools turned into academies -> improve standards + achievement

Question 25

why is academies being run by businesses bad

Answer 25

businesses have profit in mind, not the pupils

• first invest lots of money to improve grades - overtime invest less money

Question 26

2022 ao3 research on academies increasing social class inequalities

Answer 26

2022 research - academies achieve lower results than state-maintained schools - wc still achieve lower grades despite being in academies

Question 27

what government introduced pupil premium

Answer 27

the coalition government

Question 28

what is pupil premium

Answer 28

schools receive extra money for students from low income backgrounds

Question 29

what are the aims of pupil premium

Answer 29

• overcome material deprivation
• develop wc students cultural capital (school trips to museums, theatres etc)