Marketisation + Privatisation Flashcards
marketisation + privatisation have their roots in…
neo-liberalism - economic approach that resources are more efficiently managed by private businesses
neo-liberalism is a feature of…
the New Right approach to education
The New Right argue to improve education parents should..
- have a choice in the schools they send kids to.
- should be consumers ‘shopping around’ for the right school
why do TNR believe competition raises standards
best schools -> best exam results -> attracts new parents + students
Therefore schools aim to improve teaching -> exam results improve and appeal to parents -> students leave with better results
the idea of marketisation was first introduced in the ____ ______ Act by the ______ government
- 1988 Education reform Act
- Conservative government
give 2 examples of parents ‘shopping around’ for best school
- looking at Ofsted reports
attending opening days
define parentocracy
where parents have a say in the school their children attend
what do TNR argue wc parents should do to get their children in the best schools?
they believe its the parents fault if they dont get their children into the best schools.
They should..
- take an interest in schools
- research schools
- be in paid work to afford transporting
how do marxists critisise TNR
argue that parentocracy is a myth - only mc parents able to take advantage of greater choice
the mc are able to pay for transport to send kids to better schools. what is this known as
mc have economic capital
the wc cant afford transport to secure place in better schools. what is this known as
wc have material deprivation
mc parents are confident talking to teachers + knows what Qs too ask to research the schools. this is known as..
mc have educational capital
why may working class parents lack educational capital?
mainly speak in restricted code/dont share same mc habitus
what are some troubles ethnic minority parents can face when trying to get their children to attend the best schools
dont speak english well -> struggle with application forms + understanding teachers -> cant ask the right questions/research school
speak restricted code -> embarrassed to talk to teachers who speak elaborated code
what are League tables
where all exam results from schools are published
name 2 things League tables encourage and how
- parentocracy - parents can make informed choices by comparing school success rates
- competition - schools compete for best exam results so theyre in a higher position -> new students will see their schools at the top and want to attend
(ao3) league tables have led to… and created..
- cream-skimming + silt-shifting
- educational triage
to reach the top of league tables, successful schools ‘cream-skim’. what does this mean
they select the best students (mc) to attend-> higher exam results
what does ‘silt-shifted’ mean and who does this affect
- affect wc students
- dont offer them places, believe theyll do poor in exams + damage league table position
what sociologist argues league tables have created educational triage
Gillborn + Youdell
what is educational triage
where schools spend more time on students achieving Cs/Ds so they have more pass results
whilst ‘hopeless case’ students put in bottom sets + receive less attention
educational triage reproduces…
reproduces social class inequalities
what is formula funding
money schools receive for each student enrolled
how does formula funding give schools an advantage and help them
schools can expand + improve with the money
-afford new facilities
- get better qualified teachers
TNR claim formula funding will..
raise standards by force failing schools to improve otherwise theyll be closed down
how does competition between schools make it harder for poorer schools
poorer schools continue to lack resources to improve due to formula funding -> cant improve the school as they dont receive money -> results in polarisation of schools
what is polarisation of schools
high performing schools with mc students become more popular - under performing schools with wc students fail to attract new students + funding is reduced
(ao3) formula funding increases…
educational inequalities
give 2 examples of how academy schools have more freedom
- can change length of school day
- set their own staff pay
from what year did coalition government encourage state schools to become independent academies
2010
what are successful schools that choose to become academies called and name a school as an example
- converter academies
- e.g. the blue coat church of england school
what are failing schools that are turned into academies called and name a school as an example
- sponsored academy
- waterhead academy
as academies arent controlled by local authorities, what are some concerns of this and give an example
- lack of oversights + checks
- e.g. Trojan Horse scandal 2014 - fears of an islamic extremist takeover of academy schools in Birmingham
define privatisation
private companies delivering services to state schools
give 4 examples of private companies
- exam boards
- careers advice
- ICT services
- supply agencies
the conservative government claim privatisation will make education more..
efficient, cost effective and raise standards
marxists argue that exam boards reproduce social class inequalities, why?
wc students suffer material deprivation -> cant afford remarks -> may lose out on a place at university
mc student can use their economic capital -> greater chance of going to uni
what are supply agencies
profit making business - charge schools £180 per day for supply teacher
many schools (low on league tables) cant afford supply from supply agencies so they employ cover supervisors (cheaper). what issues does this cause for students?
cover supervisors are usually unqualified -> lack classroom management skills -> poor student behaviour -> under performing in exams.
the teaching is also limited - they cover all subjects + arent subject specialists
