Policies And Stratergies

Question 1

World biosphere reserve

Answer 1

Internationally recognised, part of a global network usually a core which is heavily protected with buffer zones around it

Disadvantage:
Countries may not have finances to fully monitor or manage.Pressure from development may be difficult to control

Question 2

Ramsar

Answer 2

International agreement protects valuable wetland ecosystems and species dependent on them

Disadvantage:
Hard to police
pressure on economic development may put areas at risk,
Value of ecosystem not fully understood

Question 3

Special protection areas SPAs and special areas of conservation SACs

Answer 3

Europe wide protects migratory birds and threatened habitats

Disadvantage:
Difficult to police especially in remote areas
Local communities not always involved leading to conflict

Question 4

National parks

Answer 4

Set up nationally and have a high profile,Allow access to spectacular landscapes and aim to preserve biodiversity of species aswell as cultural diversity

Disadvantage :
Tension between resource extraction and use and conservation
Over use in some areas

Question 5

Marine protected areas

Answer 5

Restores balance within oceans Protects breeding sights with no catch zones Restores coral reef and eel grass meadows

Disadvantage:
Difficult to police
Initial impact on local small scale fishing (will benefit in long term)

Question 6

Debt for nature swaps

Answer 6

Enables developing countries to exchange foreign debt for protecting an endangered resource eg tropical rainforest.The country keeps its land and has the funds to support it sustainably

Disadvantage:
Done ate government level with little consultation with people who might be affected by the decision

Question 7

Gene banks

Answer 7

Ensures species are preserved

Disadvantage:
If habitat destroyed plants will only be able to be grown artificially
Not yet collected seeds of all plants in the world

Question 8

In situ conservation

Answer 8

Species protected in its natural habitat Large areas are protected or small areas with links between them

Disadvantage :
Are may still be threatened by poachers
Population may be too small to preserve
Gene pool limited affecting survival rate

Question 9

Ex situ conservation

Answer 9

Removes endangered species and conserves/breeds them in captivity eg zoos allows them to survive even if extinct in the wild, can be introduced into natural habitat later

Disadvantage:
Expensive and limited amount of each species could be supported
Zoo environment causes stress to species
May not be able to breed successfully

Question 10

Community conservation

Answer 10

Involves local people Helps them realise the value of their indigenous wildlife , can provide sustainable income while conserving wildlife

Disadvantages:
Rely on donated funds and volunteers
Income may take time to enter the economy
May not be part of traditional culture