Factors Threatening Biodiversity

Question 1

Climate change (Global/context threat)

Answer 1

0.05-0.1 c rise too great for in situ adaptation
Increase in extreme weather events
Pests and diseases (spruce bark beetle)
Disappearing of tundra and cloud forest ecosystems
Made worst by human pressures (deforestation pollution and over exploitation )

Question 2

Resource demand (Global/context threat)

Answer 2

Increase 10-11 billion by 2100
Demand for land water minerals and ores lead to ecosystem loss
Humans encroach on ecosystems

Question 3

Affluence (global/context threat )

Answer 3

Rise in average global income 2,000 in 1970 to 9,700 in 2023
Increase disposable income
Demand for resources increase
Pressure on ecosystems
Exploitation and pollution

Question 4

Pollution

Answer 4

-acidification of oceans and precipitation
-eutrophication in lakes and rivers
-airborne pollution ddt pesticide
-ozone depletion by cfcs

Question 5

Impacts of global warming on biodiversity in arctic

Answer 5

-localised shift of ecosystems in poleward direction
-coniferous expands in tundra zone
-tundra shrinks
-increased forest fires and pests in coniferous reduction in biomass and biodiversity
-damage of fragile door webs leads to moss and lichens
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Changes in arctic will have global impact does the the links between arctic and other ecosystems further south

Question 6

Fire (local)

Answer 6

Large scale slash and burn leads to loss of biodiversity
Arson

Question 7

Habitat change (Local)

Answer 7

Modern large scale agriculture reduce biodiversity
Effects minimised by hedgerows ponds copses and shelter belts
Over exploitation eg North Sea fishing

Question 8

Recreational use (local)

Answer 8

Impact depends on natural carrying capacity,level of use and management

Question 9

Mineral extraction (local)

Answer 9

Opencast extraction a quarrying scarring landscape