Policies and Principles Flashcards
No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
a 2002 federal law that focused on holding schools accountable for student learning and achievement and was initially developed to assist disadvantaged students
Validity
ability of a test or question to measure what it purports to measure
Diana v. State Board of Education (1971)
determined that English learners must be tested for special education services in their first language; helped combat the overrepresentation of ELL students in special education programs
Cultural Stereotypes
fixed impression which may have little basis in fact
Portfolio
collection of student’s work and achievements that is used to assess past accomplishments and future potential; can include finished work in a variety of media and can contain materials from several courses over time
504 Plan
the accommodations provided to a student who has an impairment that significantly impacts their life
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
the classroom or setting where the child can be successful, with or without accommodations, and with typical age/grade level peers
Bias
prejudiced feelings, outlook, or leanings for or against a particular person, race, ethnicity, age, or group, often without taking others’ opinions into consideration
Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)
an educational right of all children to receive instruction tailored to their needs at no cost to their family by the local education agency (LEA)
Related Services
services that supplement classroom instruction to help a student meet their educational goals
Modifications
changes made to the curriculum or instructional practices to alter the expectations or performance criteria for students, often used to support learners with special needs by providing a more accessible and tailored educational experience
Paraprofessional / Para
educators who are not certified teachers, but who provide direct instruction, behavior management, and other related educational services under the direction of the classroom or special education teacher
Speech Therapist
health care professional who works with children and adults who have trouble with speaking, language, and/or swallowing
Assessment Tools
Various materials used to gather data on individual students
Occupational Therapist
health care professional who works with children with developmental delays or adults recovering from a stroke in order to help them perform basic daily functions
Systemic School Bias
ingrained prejudices or unfair treatment within educational systems that disproportionately disadvantage certain groups based on factors such as race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or ability
Observable Behavior
An overt act by an individual
Procedural Safeguards
the rights of parents of students with disabilities, noting specifically these things: student discipline, change of placement, behavior, restraint, and confinement
Reliability of Assessments
the consistency and stability of assessment results over time, indicating that the evaluation produces similar outcomes under similar conditions for students
Due Process Rights / Assurances
The legal obligation of the government to respect an individual’s legal rights, guaranteed by the 5th and 14th amendments.
Physical Therapist
health care professional who works with a person’s muscles, movement, and strength
Diagnostic Assessment / Pre-Assessment
assessment administered before instruction to determine students’ strengths and weaknesses
Prior Written Notice
A legal requirement of school districts to provide notice to parents prior to evaluations, placement, or service changes within special education
Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District
a family sued the public school because they believed the school could not provide an adequate learning environment for their son with autism; they wanted to be reimbursed for private school tuition and fees
Standardized Test
A commercially developed test that samples behavior under uniform procedures; used to provide accurate and meaningful information on students’ levels of performance relative to others at their age or grade levels
Accommodations
assistance or changes to the learning process to allow the student to learn the same material as others (Changes HOW they learn)
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)
federal law that replaced the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) to provide all children significant opportunity to receive a fair, equitable, and high-quality education, and to close educational achievement gaps Impacts SpEd by setting a 1% statewide cap on which students are eligible to participate in alternative assessments
Hudson v. Rowley
a family sued the public school because the school would not provide an interpreter for their daughter that was hard of hearing. Lasting impact: Supreme Court defined FAPE for the first time
Educational Diagnostician
a professional who has been trained to assess and diagnosis various disabilities in an educational setting
Diagnostic Test
An evaluation that provides information that can be used to identify specific areas of strength and weaknesses
Response to Intervention (RtI)
a process to monitor and measure student progress in the general education curriculum after instructional intervention is provided
Section 504 of The Rehabilitation Act of 1973
students who do not have a disability that is severe enough to qualify for an IEP can fall under 504. These students can perform on grade level with supportive accommodations
