identification Flashcards
Deaf-Blind
students with both vision and hearing loss; visual or hearing impairment services alone would not adequately address their needs
Individualized Education Program (IEP)
legally mandated, customized educational plan developed for students with disabilities in the United States, outlining specific learning goals, services, accommodations, and supports needed to meet their unique educational needs
Self-Care
ability to independently take care of one’s self
Cognitive Development
development of the ability to reason, think through problems, and explore new situations and stimuli; develops in 4 stages from birth to roughly 15 years old, according to Jean Piaget’s theory of child development
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
condition resulting from the consumption of alcohol by a pregnant mother and characterized by brain damage and issues with growth and development
Zone of Proximal Development
the range of tasks that a learner can perform with the guidance or support of a teacher
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)
a label applied to individuals who have great difficulty concentrating on what they are doing
Dysgraphia
language-based disorder, in which one struggles with the mechanics of writing resulting in impaired or illegible handwriting
Sensorimotor Stage
the first stage of Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive development, occurring from birth to two years, in which the world is experienced through objects
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
a number representing a person’s reasoning ability as compared to the norm for their age
Development
growth, adaptation, or change over the course of time
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
an injury that occurs to the brain due to accident or trauma; depending on where in the brain the injury occurs will determine how the student is impacted
Speech / Language Impairment
struggle with verbal communication that impacts their ability to effectively communicate thoughts or ideas in the classroom
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
a label applied to individuals who have great difficulty concentrating on what they are doing AND are extremely active, impulsive, distractible, and excitable
Conservation
understanding that things can stay the same in quantity even if their appearance changes
Down Syndrome
genetic disorder caused by a third copy of chromosome 21 usually resulting in growth delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and distinct facial features
Physical Development
development of the body and coordinated movement
Dyscalculia
math-related learning disability characterized by an inability to grasp and remember math concepts, rules, and formulas, despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence, and sociocultural opportunity
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
social and/or communication issues that can also impact behavior; can also include intellectual disabilities or learning differences
Moderate Intellectual Disability
classified as an IQ range from 35-45 up to around 50-55
Orthopedic Impairment
a physical disability where the bones or muscles do not work like a typical peer; many use braces or a wheelchair
Profound Intellectual Disability
classified as anything below 20-25 IQ score
Lev Vygotsky
social psychologist who believed that humans developed through intrapersonal connections with society
Intellectual Disability
students with an IQ below 70; this will affect all of their academic areas and their ability to care for themselves
Visual Impairment
any loss of vision that cannot be fully corrected with lenses
Disability
any hindrance or difficulty imposed by physical, mental, or emotional problems
Inductive Reasoning
generalizing knowledge from one area to another
Fragile X
genetic condition that usually results in developmental delays including learning disabilities and cognitive impairment
Social Development
Interactions with people or the environment
Concrete Operational Stage
the third stage of Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive development, occurring from 7 years old to adolescence, in which children begin to think logically and use inductive reasoning
Emotional Disturbance / Emotional Disability
a mental illness that impacts their behavior and ability to function in the classroom
Hearing Impairment
partial hearing loss that can improve or worsen over time. Students with hearing aids that correct the loss can still qualify for services
Deafness
complete loss of hearing that will not be regained over time
Dyslexia
a disorder manifested by a difficulty in learning to read, write, or spell, despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence, and sociocultural opportunity
Other Health Impairment (OHI)
an impairment related to a student’s ability to focus and maintain attention during instruction
Specific Learning Disability (SLD)
a neurological disorder that affects the brain’s ability to receive, produce, process, store, or respond to information, leading to difficulties in certain academic areas despite average or above-average intelligence and adequate instruction
Formal Operational Stage
the final stage of Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive development, occurring from 12 years old and beyond, in which people can use deductive reasoning to think abstractly and solve complex problems
Multiple Disabilities
a student who has disabilities in more than 1 disability category
Preoperational Stage
the second stage of Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive development, occurring from 2-7 years old, in which children think egocentrically and symbolically
Deductive Reasoning
using two or more known premises to draw a conclusion
Mild Intellectual Disability
classified as having an IQ in the range from 50-55 up to around 70
Executive Function
the cognitive abilities to control one’s thoughts, emotions, and actions - this includes working memory, inhibitory control and flexible thinking
Jean Piaget
theorist known for his theory of cognitive development
Severe Intellectual Disability
classified as an IQ range from 20-25 up to around 35-45
Emotional Development
processing and understanding feelings
