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Police Ethics > Police Ethics-Chapter 7, Ethical Formalism > Flashcards

Police Ethics-Chapter 7, Ethical Formalism Flashcards

1
Q

An era in history, approx the 1700s, when men revered human rationality and applied the logic of scientific reasoning to all subjects,; a philosophy of liberalism and democratic values that hastened the end of the aristocratic tradition

A

Age of Enlilghtenment

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2
Q

Immanuel Kant’s ethical principle of the universalizability of maxims and the dignity of all persons

A

Categorical Imperative

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3
Q

Nazi secret police, notorious for rounding up Jews and other enemies of state, and taken them into a form of custody that meant almost certain death

A

Gestapo

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4
Q

Ethical philosopher most noted for founding ethical formalism, the absolutist, deontological school of thought

A

Immanuel Kant

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5
Q

French philosopher; part of the Enlightenment; first suggested the idea of the social contract

A

Rousseau,Jean-Jacques

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6
Q

Situations type of justice dispensed by the lawgiver of the Bedouin in Africa

A

Khadi justice

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7
Q

Japanese suicide pilots

A

Kamikaze

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8
Q

A motive; a personal reason that is the motive for conduct

A

maxim

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9
Q

Set of ethical theories suggesting that the laws of human behavior and social interactions come from higher source, perhaps God, rather than being manmade; reason of nature

A

natural law

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10
Q

Post-World War !! trials of Nazis aimed at holding them accountable for war crimes

A

Nuremberg trials

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11
Q

method by which heirs of the Enlightenment obtain the natural laws of the world

A

practical rationality

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12
Q

religion that , along with Buddhism, is practiced by a large majority of Japanese

A

Shinto

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13
Q

methods of analyzing right human conduct that are different from time to time depending upon circumstances

A

situational theories of ethics

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14
Q

a notion coined by the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes, and then adapted by Rousseau, that the original form of life is a “state of nature” in which there is no state or social order, and that people give up their freedom to a government in order to recieve protection

A

social contract

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15
Q

religious philosopher famous, among other things, for being a member of the school of natural laws

A

St. Thomas Aquinas

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16
Q

school of ethical thought founded by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill which suggest that the right thing to do is determined by what consequences it has for the majority

A

utilitarianism

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17
Q

“You don’t do things right some of the time. You do them right all of the time”

A

Vince Lombardi, football coach

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18
Q

the School of ethical formalism. most important deontological theorty in history.

A

Immanuel Kant

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19
Q

Duty to God

A

rules that religion brings to us are absolute pronouncements from an ultimate authority and are not alterable.

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20
Q

Natural law

A

believe that the absolute pinciples of duty come to us from the natural world. The ethical standards that guide human behavior are objectively derived from the nature of human beings and the nature of the world.

21
Q

Examples of Religious Duty

A

Japenese military, kamikaze pilots. Pilots were members of the Shinto regligion. Religion worshiped the emperor as a living god. When pilots died, he was honored at the Yasukuni shrine

22
Q

___writing that natural law consists in reverence for the gods, duty toward the fatherland, parents and relatives, gratitude and readiness to forgive and respect for all those who are superior to us in age, wisdom or status

A

Roman Republic, Cicero writing

23
Q

Natural law adherents may very well believe in a God–several natural law theories come from religious theorist such as

A

St. thomas Aquinas

24
Q

The natural law constitutes the principles of ______.

A

practical rationality

25
Q

every human being, because he has power to be rational, possesses a basic knowledge of the natural law- the nature of things

A

practical reationality

26
Q

who posited that all people know immediately, by inclination, what constitutes the good. Among other things, people know that they should pursue life, procreation, knowledge, society, and reasonable conduct

A

St. Thomas Aquinas

27
Q

St Thomas Aquinas philosophy was expanded by French philosopher

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau during the Age of Enlightenment. He suggested that human beings are good by nature and that abnormal wickedness, evil history and inappropriate institutions corrupt that nature.

28
Q

Rousseau suggested that all people are bound to each other and to their society thru

A

social contract

29
Q

___ ___is one that acts from duty in accordance with the universal moral law that the autonomous human being freely gives itself

A

Good will

30
Q

_____ is our governing trait, the trait that, in Kant’s estimation, makes us human

A

Rationality

31
Q

Ethical formalist believe there is an absolute principle upon which ethical choices must be basec.

A

Categorical Imperative

32
Q

Categorical Imperative

A

tests the moral validity of any action.
Categorical- it applies universally to all situations.
Imperative-because it has the force of a law of reason

33
Q

“Do unto others as you would have them do unto you”

A

Golden Rule

34
Q

In consciously willing some act, a person sees that all people are members of a “Kingdom of ends”.

A

this the source of personal dignity: this connection of reason provides a sense of the ultimate worth for each person

35
Q

Kant’s absolute duties: some suggestions

A

Every child deserves to be loved
Married people should keep their wedding vows
parents have duty to protect their children
wrong to torment animals
cruelty is always wrong

36
Q

___ is the “excercise of power cruelly or unjustly.

A

Tyranny

37
Q

Ultimate in discretion. No rules, no principls, no laws are referenced- only the personal understanding of the decision maker about what is right serves as the grounds for dispute resolution

A

KHAdi justice

38
Q

Acting in conformity with absolute rules is morally valid regardless of whether doing so promotes a good or makes a difference in someones life

A

ethical formalist

39
Q

not concerned with promotion of good in world (good consequences, that is) but only with intentions.

A

Kant’s ethical theory

40
Q

Nazis who were responsible for sending millions to death camps were put on trial.

A

Nuremberg Trials

41
Q

Adolph Hitler took power thru democratic process in ___

A

1932

42
Q

When a majority of people holds such racist ideas and turns them into laws. Immoral laws. this creates what political scientists call___

A

the tyranny of the majority

43
Q

__________ encourage the individual to focus on doing good in a way that takes into account the substantial impact of ones choices on the lives of others and on the good of the community

A

Utilitarianism

44
Q

Kant’s philosophy: Pros and Cons

A

Pros
1. ensures equal treatment
2. develops respect for law and police
3. limits impact of personal prejudice
4. makes law understandable, consistent, fair
Cons
1. allows majorities to persecute minorities
2. does not allow police to be creative by using their minds and hearts in deciding what is fair and just
3. can inhibit justice by treating people unfairly

45
Q

In using the law as a tool in the effort to create such atmosphere, the police promote ___,____ and ____.

A

justice, equality and freedom

46
Q

______ theories of ethics are not absolutist. They suggest it is most logical to make choices that may vary from situation to situation–driven by a concern for the consequences of such choice.

A

Situational theories…Utilitarian is such a theory

47
Q

_____ is called teleological because a certain outcome, or end-state, is what defines the nature of the act, and not the act itself or adherence to the rule.

A

Utilitarianism

48
Q

For Kant, _________—– not the goodness brought into peoples lives— is the most important feature of morality.

A

rationality

49
Q

Kant’s philosophy has several major drawbacks.

A
  1. does not help us with conflicting duties
  2. cannot allow for reasonable exceptions
  3. cannot tell whether a maxim is a moral one or not.
  4. minority rights can be sacrificed in name of blind obedience to duty.

Police Ethics (16 decks)

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