Police Administration Flashcards
Robert Peel’s two principles
- The police should be organized along military lines.
- Securing and training proper persons is essential.
3 primary police goals
Protecting life
Protecting property
Maintaining order
Role of the mission statement
focus on the purpose of the organization, to call attention to what is important, and to set organizational goals to align practices with values
Systems approach
A system is “a network of interdependent components that work together to try to accomplish the aim of the system.
Open system
An open system is in contact with its environment; input and output are not restricted to factors directly related to the process involved.
Closed system
A closed system, by contrast, is not influenced by its environment, or at least is influenced very little. The solar system, which is a static structure in an ordered universe, is a good example of a closed system. (Not to be confused with a closed loop system)
Four Values
1.Legality: exercise great care when enforcing law, must abide by it
2.Equity: actions need to be fair
3.Accountability: inform public about crime and then develop a healthy trust and respect
4.Transparency: informing and educating the public
Crime and problem analysis
departments must collect and analyze data on crime and related problems in the community in order to allocate officer to shifts, deploy to beats, develop effective tactics, assign special units to problem areas and respond to crime as effectively as possible.
Operations Analysis
examines patrol, investigations, and other operational tasks and seeks to improve their effectiveness.
Administrative analysis
study of internal procedures and practices for identifying problem areas and making improvements.
Authority Level principle
premise that authority exists within an organization at all levels and only decision that can not be made at a given level because lack of authority should be referred upward for resolution.
Organizational procedure
More specific than policy less restrictive than a rule or regulation
3 management functions primarily performed by top level managers
System building
Planning
Organizing
System building
constructing coherent systems that take inputs, process them, and produce outputs that meet the goals and objectives of the police department.
Planning
Most analytical aspect of management. Planning is perhaps the most analytical aspect of management. It requires a certain amount of foresight and creativity, and a willingness to dedicate sufficient time to the planning process. Begins with identification of a problem.
Organizing
Organizing is the process of grouping like functions, of putting together the subsystems of an organization in order to achieve maximum efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity, while meeting organizational goals and objectives.
Staffing
Staffing involves the functions of recruiting, selecting, training, assigning, promoting, and terminating.
5 steps in the Planning process
Ends Analysis
Forecasting
Means Analysis
Implementation
Evaluation
Types of police plans
Reactive
Contingency Plans
Operations Efficiency
Strategic Plans
Directing
managers develop and disseminate directives and provide leadership, guidance, coaching, coordination, and encouragement.
6 separate staffing functions
Recruiting
Selecting
Training
Assigning
Promoting
Terminating
Controlling
Whereas directing is involved in communicating what should be done, controlling is involved with ensuring that what should be done is done. Controlling is enforcing the instructions.
Managing
Making sure the job is done correctly. Managers are responsible for obtaining inputs, designing and directing organizational processes, and inspecting and improving outputs
Leading
Leading involves showing the way, in most instances by example or by exhortation. Leaders help people in their organizations understand how their efforts contribute to valuable outputs. They help them picture goals worth striving for.
The Internal role (chief)
Managing, leading, pursuit of excellence, reinventing govt
The External role (chief)
The external role of the police executive includes serving as the official representative of the agency, obtaining agency resources, protecting the agency against threats, and ensuring that the agency successfully adapts to its changing environment.
How much of the budget is spent on salaries and benefits?
75-80%
The administrator (chief style)
Emphasizes internal role, the administrator concentrates on planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling the police organization. The administrator adheres to the professional model of police administration, with a belief in police autonomy and great faith in education, training, and technology as methods for police improvement. The administrator believes that as a police executive, they are is a manager first and a police officer only a distant second.
The top cop (chief style)
Emphasizes internal role but focuses on leading than on managing. The top cop is heavily involved in police operations, often commanding the troops in the field or taking charge of the more interesting and most important investigations. Most likely to be liked by the troops. Will not spend much time with the external.
The politician (chief style)
Emphasizes external role. The politician is likely to leave the internal administration of the police department to subordinate managers and to view the chief’s role as primarily externally oriented.
The statesman (chief style)
The statesman emphasizes leadership—among the troops, throughout the entire organization, and in the community. The statesman recognizes the aspects of the police executive’s responsibilities that can be carried out by no one else. While not ignoring the internal management of the department, delegates most management tasks to focus on influencing the core values of employees. Delegates some externally oriented tasks in order to concentrate on serious threats to the organization. “leader of democracy”. Is the rarest and most needed.
Attitudes
a psychological “mental set” that represents “a predisposition to form certain opinions,”1 or as “a constellation of beliefs, sentiments, and behavior tendencies concerning some object.”2 Attitudes include ideals, values, sentiments, thoughts, ideas, concepts, feelings, beliefs, and assumptions.
Behavior modification
bypasses attitudes and concentrates on using rewards and punishments to influence behavior
Professionals (roles)
are willing to use coercive police authority when necessary but are not inclined to overuse it.
Tough cops (roles)
Are enthusiastic about using police authority and generally believe that the people they deal with deserve what they get. They usually develop quite negative attitudes toward just about everything and everybody except their fellow tough cops.
Clean beat crime fighters (roles)
Share many attitudes and beliefs with tough cops, but they are more willing to stay within the rules and the law. More process-oriented, whereas tough cops are more outcome-oriented. See their role primarily as law enforcement, and believe that systematic and thorough application of the law will lead to a safer and more orderly community. Experience frustration because their efforts to enforce the law aggressively are thwarted by administrators and the community.
