POLI 221 Mid-Term Flashcards
1763 Royal Proclamation
The 1763 Royal Proclamation was created shortly after the French lost the Seven Year War. After the Seven Year War, the British had claimed multiple colonies in North America and the Caribbean. The Royal Proclamation was created to set a guideline for territorial limits on land owned by Indigenous peoples. The Royal Proclamation also created new provinces including Quebec, formerly known as New France. The Royal Proclamation interacts with Indigenous Peolple in two ways. The first being that it gives Indigenous land the possibility to be sold to the Crown. Secondly it makes commitments to protect Indigenous people. Claiming they will not be disturbed.
1867 Indian Act
The 1876 Indian Act was created to suppress the Indigenous population. It treated Indigenous people as wards of the state. However, it harmed them more than it helped them. It didn’t allow Indigenous people to use a lawyer to file claims against Canada. It also heavily restricted Indigenous people from practicing their culture. It did so by not allowing the use of traditional names and by outlawing their traditional dancing. It established status “Indians” and required Indigenous people to denounce their status in order to vote in Federal elections.
CA 1982
The 1982 CA was created by Pierre Trudeau to patriate the Constitution. Out of the 10 provinces that voted on it, only 2 voted to support it. The Supreme Court of Canada were worried that it’d diminish the power of the provinces. After negotiations, every province except Quebec were in favour. After receiving the go ahead from Britain, the act went into place. The act has seven parts: 1. charter of rights and freedoms 2. declaration of rights of indigenous people 3. The federal government would pay equalization payments to provinces that fall below the national average 4. Committed federal, provincial, and territorial government to a conference on Indigenous peoples constitutional concerns 5. A new procedure to amend the constitution 6. Strengthens the provinces by giving them control over energy, forestry, and non renewable resources 7. Misc provisions.
1867 BNA
The 1867 British North American Act was a result of the colonies that would make up early Canada, coming together in an official way. The 1867 BNA came into effect on July 1st, 1867. The colonies that came together were New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Canada (Ontario and Quebec). Together they created the Dominion of Canada. The purpose of forming the Dominion was to come together and unify their economic. political, and military factors. The 1867 BNA made Canada a parliamentary government and included the creation of the House of Commons. It did not yet include a bill of rights.
Dominion of Canada
The Dominion of Canada was created after the creation of the 1867 British North America Act. The act joined upper and lower Canada (modern day Ontario and Quebec), Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. The Dominion of Canada was established in order to join the provinces economic, military, and political powers. The dominion was established with a parliamentary system of government in mind, similar to Great Britain. The dominion utilizes fusion of power, meaning that the executive branch is drawn from the legislative branch who are elected into the House of Commons. The dominion was created on July 1at 1867.
1987 Meech Lake Accord
The 1987 Meech Lake Accord was a controversial constitutional amendment that the Canadian government attempted to pass. The accord would have solidified Quebec as a distinct society and aimed to acquire Quebecs consent on the previous CA1982. The accord was derailed by Indigenous hero Elijah Harper. Mr. Harper was an Indigenous member of the legislation in Manitoba who voted against the Meech Lake Accord because he found that it ignored the rights of Indigenous Peoples. To this day Quebec has not given their consent on CA1982.
Multiculturalism
Canada was the first country to officially include multiculturalism in its policy. Multiculturalism was officially included in 1971. The goal of the addition to Canadian policy was to recognize the cultural diversity of Canada and to help minorities maintain their culture and rights, while becoming full members of Canadian society. Key tenants of Canadian multiculturalism include equality of culture, importance of identity, and minority rights. Multiculturalism is supported by the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the 1988 Canadian Multiculturalism Act.
Quiet Revolution
The Quiet Revolution began after the death of Quebec nationalist and Premier Maurice Duplessis. Duplessis held Quebec back from economic and social development with the assistance of the Catholic Church. In 1959 after his death, Quebec saw significant fundamental changes throughout the 1960s and 70s. The changes include distancing from the Catholic Church and more modern, liberal, and secular developments. Jean Lesage takes control and modernizes Quebec through securing the nationalization of electric companies and reworking many of Quebecs provincial jurisdictions.
