POLI 221 Final Flashcards
Brokerage Politics
Brokerage politics were a powerful political tool utilized in Canada until 1993. Brokerage politics dampened political differences like social classes to come off as more accommodating to achieve greater national unity. Brokerage politics involve doing away with ideological agendas in order to appeal to more voters.
Commissioner of Lobbying
The Office of the Commissioner of Lobbying was created after the 2006 Federal Accountability Act in reaction to the rise of professional lobbyists. The Commissioner of Lobbying is responsible for overseeing the detailed information given by lobbyists to ensure all laws are being followed.
Commissioner of Lobbying
The Office of the Commissioner of Lobbying was created after the 2006 Federal Accountability Act in reaction to the rise of professional lobbyists. The Commissioner of Lobbying is responsible for overseeing the detailed information given by lobbyists to ensure all laws are being followed.
Canadas fragmented politcal culture
Canada is defined as having a fragmented political culture due to the vast amounts of various regions in Canada holding different values, beliefs, and orientations about politics.
Corporate and union donations to parties
Corporate and union donations to parties serve to back parties that cater to their interests. Corporate and union donors also tend to influence corporate or union members and their families to vote a certain way. Money spent on mobilizing members to contribute to a certain part is not considered campaign donations so more money can be spent than is reported on.
Air war and ground war in election campaigns
Air war is another name for the national campaign during elections. It is called air war because party leaders fly across the country to spread their message to potential voters. This term also includes radio, tv, and internet messages. Ground war refers to the staff and volunteers of political parties, those who go door to door and make phone calls promoting their party.
Horowitz views on Canada’s prevalent ideologies
Horowitz sees Canadas prevalent ideologies as a liberal fragment of Britain that includes liberalism, toryism, and socialism. Horowitz believes that socialist sentiments are able to take root because of the presence of liberalism and toryism.
Interests Groups
Interest Groups are groups dedicated to certain issues through political means. There are two types of interest groups, self and public interest groups. Self interest groups seek to pursue the goals of a specific groups members. Self interest groups typically involve business groups or union groups. Union groups may seek to improve the working conditions of their union workers and business groups may aim to use politics in order to gain more profit. Public interest groups aim to advance goals in order to benefit the general community. Environmental groups are an example of public interest groups since they seek to benefit the planet so that all may reap the benefits.
Middle Class
Near the end of the 1900s, Canada saw the growth of a better educated and multicultural middle class. The creation of the middle class saw improvements for gender equality and forced political change on Canada. All political parties had to make varying degrees of changes to their operation in order to accommodate the newly emerging middle class.
New social movements
New social movements are informal groups that form outside of traditional political institutions in an attempt to bring about societal change. New social movements specifically mean all those that emerged in the 20th century. They include Occupy, Idle No More, and the many pipeline and anti fracking groups that have gained much traction in recent years.
Professional Lobbying
Professional lobbying is when a lobbying firm or group try to influence the government on behalf of an company, group, or individual for a fee. Professional lobbying expanded in Canada in the mid 1980s. Due to former public officials joining lobbying firms, the 1985 Lobbyists Registration Act outlined what lobbyists can legally do and requires them to register their activity to the Registry of Lobbyists. In 2006 the Office of the Commissioner of Lobbying was created to oversee professional lobbying activity.
Selection of federal party leaders today
Party leaders are selected through elections that are usually held every four years. Political parties nominate candidates to lead them in competition to take the seat of the ruling government. Today, most Canadian political parties use versions of the OMOV (One Member One Vote) system to elect party leaders. The NDP and Green parties use a pure OMOV system, where as, the Liberal Party uses a modified OMOV to select their leaders. Canadian party leaders used to only be white male Canadians from Ontario and Quebec but today they are more diverse.
Two-Party System
A two-party system is one of the main party systems that involves power shifting between two dominant parties. Canada was ran under a classic two party system in 1869 between the Liberal and Conservative parties. Canada eventually moved on to a two-party plus system in 1921. Another famous example of a two-party system is in the USA between the Democrats and the Republicans.
Working Class
The working class is made up of manual labour working Canadians including construction, resource, and manufacturing sectors. Working class also includes clerical, sales, and trades jobs. The working class have taken heavy blows from the government during the 80s, 90s, and 2000s, mainly with unemployment insurance.
Two examples of influential modern ideologies
Environmentalism and feminism. Environmentalism involves seeing humans as part of the intricate web of nature and taking care of nature in order to preserve all of nature. concerned with environmental issues like fracking and greed of natural resources. Feminism is concerned with equality for all genders. Getting rid of patriarchy that rules our society. Equal pay.
