pol 203

Question 1

what are the responsibilities of the federal government

Answer 1

sea coast and inland fisheries, trade, navigation and shipping, treaties and reserve land, international treaties, foreign relations, migratory birds, some marine life

Question 2

what are the responsibilities of the provinical government

Answer 2

section 92: natural and forestry resources, electrical management and sale of public land, timber and wood, all matters that are local or private in the province

Question 3

what are the responsibilities of the municipal government

Answer 3

transportation, energy and water use, climate strategies for buildings, city maintenance, infrastructure, parks, and businesses

Question 4

what is the environmental policy framework

Answer 4

sections 91-95 of the BNA Act, federal and provincial division of powers

Question 5

What does section 91 (24) of BNA act outline

Answer 5

gives the federal government the ability to govern Indigenous land

Question 6

what is federalism

Answer 6

when powers are split between federal and provincial

Question 7

shared provincial and federal jurisdiction over environmental issues

Answer 7

water: fishing, shipping, navigation, rivers and lakes in provinces, oceans, drinking and waster waster
land: terrestrial protected areas, wildlife and species at risk, waste management, nuclear activities
air: industrial emissions, toxic substance, international air pollution, ghg and climate change

Question 8

is environmental protection included in the Canadian charter of rights and freedoms

Question 9

Why is public policy required for environmental protection?

Answer 9

because it is made on the publics behalf and meant to benefit the public good

Question 10

what are causes of environmental degradation?

Answer 10

climate change, air and water pollution, mining, logging, and biodiversity loss

Question 11

what is a throwaway society

Answer 11

when a society produces more than the population needs

Question 12

what are the 5 stages of the public policy process?

Answer 12

1. agenda setting
2. policy formulation
3. policy legitimization
4. policy implementation
5. policy evaluation

Question 13

what is the most effective way to alter public or company behaviour?

Answer 13

economic tools

Question 14

environmental policy-making in territories vs provinces?

Answer 14

land and natural resources ownership: provinces own the land they control, but the land on territories is owned by the federal government

Question 15

colonial impact on Canada’s environment

Answer 15

settlers cleared land for farming and communities, brought agricultural goods,

Question 16

what are the four eras of indigenous peoples and environmentalism

Answer 16

first era: contact and treaties
second era: parliamentary laws
third era: supreme court cases and Inuit land claims. present day
fourth era: reconciliation. present day

Question 17

interpretations of treaties canadian government vs indigenous peoples

Answer 17

Canadian government viewed treaties as Indigenous peoples giving up their land, Indigenous peoples viewed it as a friendship and sharing the land

Question 18

major legislation concerning indigenous peoples in canada

Answer 18

1. royal proclamation of 1763
2. bna act
3. indian act
4. charter of rights and freedoms
5. supreme court cases

Question 19

2 examples of high profile Indigenous activism

Answer 19

idle no more, pipeline across wet’suwet’en territory in BC

Question 20

what are some foundational environmental groups in Canada?

Answer 20

Greenpeace, David Suzuki foundation

Question 21

constraints of the canadian federal system concerning environmental policy. how does it compare to the US?

Answer 21

Canadian government has a hard time passing legislation because of regional differences. US federal government has more control over the individual states

Question 22

how can indigenous worldviews complement sustainable development goals?

Answer 22

sustainable development is connected to human needs, something that Indigenous worldviews value and western worldviews don’t

Question 23

impacts of environmental racism

Answer 23

lower quality of life for marginalized communities because of the disproportionate proximity of pollution and mining, factories, etc.

Question 24

What is Bill C-226

Answer 24

to prevent and address environmental racism and advance environmental justice

Question 25

what does artificial extinction mean

Answer 25

extinction caused by man

Question 26

5 main causes of artificial extinction

Answer 26

1. habitat loss
2. climate change
3. pollution
4. unsustainable harvest
5. invasive species

Question 27

main pieces of legislation concern federal conservation of wildlife today?

Answer 27

1. 1911 North Pacific Fur Seal
2. 1916 Migratory Birds
3. 1927 Provincial Parks Act

Question 28

Which federal ministries or government departments are responsible for implementing SARA?

Answer 28

Minister of fisheries and oceans (aquatic species), minister of heritage (species in national parks), minister of environment (all other species and the overall administration of SARA)

Question 29

what is a wicked problem?

Answer 29

a problem that has conflicting goals and different groups at different levels of government

Question 30

how does the judicial branch have an impact on environmental policy?

Answer 30

1. constitutional litigation
2. judicial review on government administrative action
3. ruling on civil action for environmental harm cases and class action lawsuits

Question 31

what is the myth of abundance?

Answer 31

that water is renewable and will never run out

Question 32

main problems with water management in Canada

Answer 32

Lack of data, poor water monitoring, Canada has no national water management standards

Question 33

How is groundwater withdrawal monitored and measured?

Answer 33

It is not. We also do not understand how groundwater withdrawal is going to affect our water supply

Question 34

Treaty interpretation: water rights

Answer 34

federal government: provinces own water and it is a separate private identity
indigenous: water is apart of the land and decisions about the water must be made with consideration to the environment

Question 35

Bill C-45

Answer 35

allow extraction of water without Indigenous consultation

Question 36

What are the Chemical Valley and Alberta Tar Sands?

Answer 36

places with major chemical pollution

Question 37

risk assessment vs risk management

Answer 37

Risk assessment: an estimation of the magnitude of risk posed to public health or to the environment. done by experts and scientists
Risk management: an evaluation of the costs and benefits of a risk and a decision regarding how society will manage those tradeoffs. Conducted by politicians and bureaucrats.

Question 38

what is precautionary principal?

Answer 38

“better safe than sorry”

Question 39

Canada-US Softwood Lumber Dispute

Answer 39

cost of lumber in the US is decided by the market, and in Canada the cost is decided by the provinces

Question 40

What is “smart growth” for cities?

Answer 40

a response to urban sprawl. where amenities are close to home and transit. think “20 minute city”

Question 41

What is the “One-For-One” rule?

Answer 41

every time the federal government implements a new rule for businesses to follow, they have to take one away.

Question 42

What are the effects of reduced regulation?

Answer 42

economic development and stimulation

Question 43

Federal/provincial division of power concerning energy politics

Answer 43

provinces: electrical supply and land use
federal: environmental protection, international trade and agreements