plx 111 final

Question 1

Ways to define a city

Answer 1

declarative, legal and political terms

Question 2

variety of amenities available means

Answer 2

schools, parks, hospitals, transport, electricity, etc

Question 3

structure of population

Answer 3

population density and size

Question 4

How does Ontario define cities

Answer 4

declarative

Question 5

Lewis Mumford “What is a City”?

Answer 5

collection of primary groups and purposive associations

Question 6

Purposive definition

Answer 6

groups that support themselves through economic organization that are publicly regulated (churches, governments, armies, etc)

Question 6

primary groups

Answer 6

organizations without legal structure (families, neighbourhoods)

Question 7

why are cities important

Answer 7

80% of the global gdp is generated in cities (create lots of wealth). citizens also have a higher quality of life (better education)

Question 7

How many people live in cities

Answer 7

over 50% of the worlds pop. by 2045 city population is expected to rise to 6 billion

Question 8

Richard Florida definition of creative class

Answer 8

people whose economic function is to create new ideas, technology, and creative content. people are paid to use their minds. social and economic factors of the individual can vary

Question 8

what is class traditionally concerned with

Answer 8

social standing (hierarchal), economic basis, social basis, dependent on culture and geographic role (in NA we do not discuss class)

Question 9

why is the creative class important

Answer 9

drives economic change

Question 10

Landry’s idea of a creative city

Answer 10

“how do you create the conditions in which people can think, plan, and act with imagination”

Question 11

Contributor to making great cities

Answer 11

place, connection, design, experience, inspiration, learning, possibility

Question 12

Public space

Answer 12

open and freely accessible to the general public

Question 13

importance of public space

Answer 13

cities have political and social life depend on public space, public spaces have both practical and symbolic uses, and the image of a city is formed through experiences of public spaces

Question 14

impact of good quality public space

Answer 14

people spend more time there, improves mental and physical health, helps prevent crime (“eyes on the street”), facilitates political mobilization and engagement

Question 15

impact of poor quality public space

Answer 15

makes us insecure, become places of passage, poorer health outcomes due to inactivity and stress

Question 16

quality public space and safety

Answer 16

people will be on the street if they feel safe, street will be safer if more people are present

Question 17

public space highly regulated and contested

Answer 17

but, rules tend to reflect priorities of the most powerful socioeconomic groups. instead, regulations should be focused on tending to what people deem socially undesirable

Question 18

Gehl: Types of Outdoor Activity

Answer 18

elements that contributes to people’s enjoyment of public spaces are stable.

Question 19

Types of activities

Answer 19

necessary: things that happen all year round
optional: influenced by physical environment (taking a walk, sitting in the sun)
social: develop because people are in the same space. short duration

Question 20

types of social contact

Answer 20

high intensity (close friends, friends) low intensity (acquaintances, chance contacts, passive contacts)

Question 21

public space and social contact

Answer 21

people are attracted to other people

Question 22

What is tactical urbanism

Answer 22

cheap, non permanent public spaces

Question 23

tactical urbanism is also known as

Answer 23

urban acupuncture, diy urbanism, guerrilla urbanism

Question 24

what is revitalization?

Answer 24

redirects growth to areas that already have infrastructure in place. leads to healthy cities

Question 25

what is gentrification?

Answer 25

the displacement of lower class residents in a neighbourhood by wealthier professionals

Question 26

how to revitalize without gentrifying

Answer 26

valuing culture, health, and positive human development and not increased economic activity

Question 27

how to help stabilize communities

Answer 27

rent control, vacancy taxes, tenant option to purchase, community land trusts

Question 28

community consultation - pros

Answer 28

1.generate greater acceptance of proposals
2.help overcome opposition
3.opportunity to add/find solutions to community concerns

Question 29

community consultation - cons

Answer 29

1.planners lack tools to foster more equitable outcomes
2. planners dont consider environmental and social justice as a part of planning
- only privileged voices are heard

Question 30

barriers to participation in consultation

Answer 30

1. childcare
2. transportation
3. working hours
4. language
5. understanding of the process
6. fear of speaking out

Question 31

Tyndale Green, North York

Answer 31

project started by markee development. called for residential and mixed use buildings to be built on land provided by tyndale univserity.
lots of community opposition. currently still under development

Question 32

connectivity vs broadcast

Answer 32

connectivity - building relationships among known points
broadcasting - distributing of content (images, information) to unknown points

Question 33

broadcasting prior to 2000

Answer 33

-broadcasting services were almost only located in urban areas
-creative content was decided upon and made in cities

Question 34

broadcasting post 2000

Answer 34

-expansion of internet
-rise of social media
-blurring the lines between broadcaster and audience
-became available to many more people, regardless of their proximity to cities

Question 35

how platforms moved from connectivity to broadcast

Answer 35

connectivity (communication) to broadcasting (publishing) through interactive features (smartphones). this means the move from editors to algorithms and a rise in the ability to control information

Question 36

what is editing

Answer 36

selecting and preparing material in order to convey a message or information

Question 37

what is an algorithm

Answer 37

mathematical set of rules specifying how a group of data behaves. used to create more engagement

Question 38

what is kuaishou

Answer 38

chinese video and live streaming app. grassroots user base (common people). other platforms ignore this demographic because they dot attract advertisers

Question 39

hanmai

Answer 39

type of music genre from china. translates to “yell mic”. very accessible and easy to make. popular in rural areas and smaller cities. can be a viable career path for rural youth