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7364 Critical Care Block 4 > Poisonous Plants/Mushrooms > Flashcards

Poisonous Plants/Mushrooms Flashcards

1
Q

80% of reported plant toxicology cases occur in children of what age?

A

<= 6 years of age

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2
Q

What database can be used to identify poisonous plant species?

A

PLANTOX database

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3
Q

___ are nitrogen-containing basic xenobiotics of natural origin

A

alkaloids

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4
Q

Belladonna alkaloids are ___

a. anticholinergic
b. nicotine-like
c. cholinergic

A

a. anticholinergic

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5
Q

Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed) xenobiotic type?

A

belladonna alkaloid

primary toxicity = anticholinergic

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6
Q

100 seeds of Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed) contain up to 6mg of ___ and related alkaloids

A

atropine

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7
Q

___ may help in pts with seizures and agitated delirium from Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed)

A

physostigmine

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8
Q

A lethal dose of Nicotiana glauca (Tree Tobacco) is as small as __ mg/kg, but more likely with > __ mg/kg

A

1, 4

wearing of protective clothing is essential for tobacco farm workers

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9
Q

What is Conium maculate (Poison Hemlock) primary toxicity?

A

nicotinic

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10
Q

What is the vector for poisoning with the nicotinic toxic Conium maculate (Poison Hemlock)?

A

birds

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11
Q

Which is toxic with increasing age?

a. Coniine
b. gamma-coniceine

A

a. Coniine

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12
Q

Which is toxic in new growth?

a. Coniine
b. gamma-coniceine

A

b. gamma-coniceine

death occurs 1-16 days after ingestion

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13
Q

What is Areca catechu (Betel nut) primary toxicity?

A

cholinergic

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14
Q

What is the AE of prolonged use of Areca catechu (Betel nut)?

A

dental decay and oral cancer

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15
Q

Which determines the subtype of glycoside?

a. glycone
b. aglycone

A

b. aglycone

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16
Q

Digoxin is derived from ___

a. Digitalis lanata (Grecian foxglove)
b. Digitalis purpurea (Purple foxglove)

A

a. Digitalis lanata (Grecian foxglove)

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17
Q

What is Convallaria majalis (Lily of the Valley) primary toxicity?

A

cardiac

xenobiotic = convallatoxin

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18
Q

What is Thevetia peruviana (yellow oleander) primary toxicity?

A

cardiac

as little as two seeds can produce severe symptoms in adults

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19
Q

What are 2 Tx options for Thevetia peruviana (yellow oleander) cardiac toxicity?

A

activated charcoal

digoxin-specific antibody

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20
Q

Two genuses of terpenes/resins?

A

Rhododendron

Toxicodendron

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21
Q

Primary toxicity of Rhododendron?

A

cardiac

neurologic

22
Q

Which plant is associated with “mad honey”?

A

Rhododendron

23
Q

Poison ivy genus/species name?

A

Toxicodendron radicans

24
Q

3 main protein/peptides/lectins

A

ricin
pokeweed
hypoglycin

25
Q

Ricinus communis (Castor bean) class of xenobiotics?

A

lectins/toxalbumins

26
Q

Ricinus communis (Castor bean) primary toxicity?

A

gastrointestinal

27
Q

Treatment after oral ingestion of ricin?

A
  • early aggressive fluid/electrolyte replacement

- activated charcoal

28
Q

Phytolacca americana (Pokeweed) class of xenobiotics?

A

lectins

29
Q

What is the most commonly ingested toxic plant lectin in the US?

A

Phytolacca americana (Pokeweed)

rarely causes toxicity/death if consumed after appropriate parboiling

30
Q

Which plant causes Jamaican vomiting sickness?

A

Blighia sapida (Ackee fruit)

primary toxicities: metabolic, GI, neurologic

31
Q

Left untreated, Jamaican vomiting sickness mortality reaches ___ %

A

80

32
Q

Treatment for Blighia sapid (Ackee fruit) toxicity?

A
  • dextrose/fluid replacement
  • benzos for seizures
  • L-carnitine
33
Q

Phenols and phenylpropanoids are devoid of ___

A

nitrogen

34
Q

Karwinskia toxins are a type of phenol/phenylpropanoid toxin

a. true
b. false

A

a. true

35
Q

What is primary toxicity of Karwinskia humboltiana (Buckthorn)?

A

neurologic

symmetric motor neuropathy
bulbar paralysis
cranial nerve findings are absent

36
Q

__ is the predominant finding on biopsy of Karwinskia humboltiana (Buckthorn) toxicity

A

demyelination

37
Q

Tx for Karwinskia humboltiana (Buckthorn) toxicity?

A

supportive care

mechanical ventilation prn

38
Q

Cicuta maculata (water hemlock) is what type of xenobiotic?

A

alcohol

primary toxicity: neurologic

39
Q

Hemlock ingestions usually involve children

a. true
b. false

A

b. false

adults

40
Q

Ingestion of as little as a 2cm section of Cicuta maculata (water hemlock) can cause ___

A

status epilepticus

Tx:

  • supportive/symptomatic care
  • immediate gastric evacuation
  • benzos for seizures
41
Q

___ both increase and block sodium flow

a. aconite
b. veratrum alkaloids
c. taxine
d. grayanotoxins

A

d. grayanotoxins

42
Q

___ tend to open sodium channels

a. aconite
b. veratrum alkaloids
c. taxine
d. grayanotoxins

select two

A

a, b

43
Q

What is the xenobiotic of Philodendron (common household plant)?

A

oxalate rawhides (carboxylic acid)

44
Q

What is the xenobiotic of Toxicodendron plan?

A

urushiol oleoresins (terpenes and resins)

45
Q

Which group of mushrooms contains cyclone-tides?

A

group I

amatoxins, phallotoxins, virotoxins

46
Q

Group I mushrooms:

What is the most toxic of the cyclone-tides?

A

amatoxins

causes hepatic, renal, and CNS damage

47
Q

Group I mushrooms:

What toxin causes GI dysfunction?

A

phallotoxins

48
Q

Group I mushrooms:

Which phase is associated with hepatic/renal toxicity and death?

A

phase III

Phase I = severe gastroenteritis

Phase I (5-24hrs after ingestion)
Phase II (12-36hrs after ingestion)
phase III (2-6 days after ingestion)
49
Q

Tx for group I mushroom toxicity?

A

fluid/electrolyte repletion
dextrose repletion
activated charcoal

50
Q

Cimetidine is not recommended for group I mushroom toxicity

a. true
b. false

A

a. true

also not recommended:

  • thioctic acid
  • pen G
51
Q

What is given as an antidote for group I mushroom toxicity?

A

N-acetylcysteine

hepatoprotective effects

7364 Critical Care Block 4 (4 decks)

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