Pediatric Toxicology Flashcards
Children < __ years old make up 46% of cases
6
Which age group has highest accident rate?
a. 0-6 months
b. 7-12 months
c. 1-3 years
c. 1-3 years
begin to imitate parents and other adults
What is the Poison Center phone number?
1-800-222-1222
nurses and pharmacist who are poison experts will answer your call
You should always call the Poison Center in an emergency
a. true
b. false
a. true
Give __ or __ right away if child swallows chemicals or household products
milk, water
Give milk or water right away if child swallows medicines
a. true
b. false
b. false
if child swallows chemicals/household products
if medicines do not give anything until you talk with poison control or doctor
If a child is taken to the hospital it is important to call the parent at __ and __ hours after ingestion
1, 4
Prevention of absorption:
___ does not improve outcome and should be avoided
a. emesis/lavage
b. charcoal
c. catharsis
d. whole bowel lavage
c. catharsis
Enhancement of Excretion:
If Pia is less than ___ urinary alkalization is appropriate
7.5
Enhancement of Excretion:
If the pKa is over __ urinary alkalinization is not usually beneficial
8
In 2007 manufacturers voluntarily removed preparations intended for use in children younger than __ from the market
4
antihistamine
antitussive
expectorant
decongestant
___ is given to control seizures/agitation of cough and cold preparation toxicity
a. benzos
b. physostigmine
c. NS and vasopressors
d. sodium bicarb
a. benzos
___ is given to reverse the central and peripheral anticholinergic effects of antihistamines
physostigmine
___ is used if there is QRS widening with cough/cold preparation toxicity
sodium bicarb
___ is given to treat cardiac dysrhythmias and hypotension associated cough and cold preparations
a. benzos
b. physostigmine
c. NS and vasopressors
d. sodium bicarb
c. NS and vasopressors
Cosmetics:
Which is high toxicity?
a. permanent wave neutralizers
b. fingernail polish
c. perfume
d. liquid makeup
a. permanent wave neutralizers
Disk shaped button batteries may be come trapped and lead to ___ injury
caustic
esophageal perf or fistula formation
use radiographs of entire respiratory and GI tract to locate
Disk shaped button batteries:
Must be removed immediately
a. located in the esophagus
b. located below the esophagus
a. located in the esophagus
located below esophagus = rarely associated with tissue damage, and the course is benign in most cases
Disk shaped button batteries
If ___ measure levels of heavy metals
a. symptomatic patients
b. battery has opened
c. a and b
c. a and b
___ typically cause local irritation but can lead to more severe Sx including corneal injuries, CNS depression, and respiratory distress
a. soaps
b. detergents
b. detergents
Activated charcoal should be used for ___ detergent toxicity
a. anionic
b. cationic
c. nonionic
b. cationic
Milk or water should be used for __ detergent toxicity
a. anionic
b. cationic
c. nonionic
a. anionic
d/c
replace fluids and electrolytes
dilute with water or milk
Anticonvulsants may be needed with __ detergent toxicity
a. anionic
b. cationic
c. nonionic
b. cationic
___ detergents have minimal irritating effect on skin and are almost always nontoxic when swallowed
a. anionic
b. cationic
c. nonionic
c. nonionic
What diarrhea drug is toxic in small quantity and can cause delayed toxicity?
diphenoxylate and atropine (Lomotil)
What diabetic drug class is toxic in small quantity and can cause delayed toxicity?
sulfonylureas
With delayed toxicity admit for observation and monitoring only if symptomatic
a. true
b. false
b. false
even if asymptomatic
symptoms presenting as much as 24hrs after ingestion
4 factors that affect poison exposure in pediatrics?
shorter stature
higher minute ventilation
physical immaturity
large BSA to weight ratio
