Pediatric Toxicology

Question 1

Children < __ years old make up 46% of cases

Answer 1

6

Question 2

Which age group has highest accident rate?

a. 0-6 months
b. 7-12 months
c. 1-3 years

Answer 2

c. 1-3 years

begin to imitate parents and other adults

Question 3

What is the Poison Center phone number?

Answer 3

1-800-222-1222

nurses and pharmacist who are poison experts will answer your call

Question 4

You should always call the Poison Center in an emergency

a. true
b. false

Answer 4

a. true

Question 5

Give __ or __ right away if child swallows chemicals or household products

Answer 5

milk, water

Question 6

Give milk or water right away if child swallows medicines

a. true
b. false

Answer 6

b. false

if child swallows chemicals/household products

if medicines do not give anything until you talk with poison control or doctor

Question 7

If a child is taken to the hospital it is important to call the parent at __ and __ hours after ingestion

Answer 7

1, 4

Question 8

Prevention of absorption:

___ does not improve outcome and should be avoided

a. emesis/lavage
b. charcoal
c. catharsis
d. whole bowel lavage

Answer 8

c. catharsis

Question 9

Enhancement of Excretion:

If Pia is less than ___ urinary alkalization is appropriate

Answer 9

7.5

Question 10

Enhancement of Excretion:

If the pKa is over __ urinary alkalinization is not usually beneficial

Answer 10

8

Question 11

In 2007 manufacturers voluntarily removed preparations intended for use in children younger than __ from the market

Answer 11

4

antihistamine
antitussive
expectorant
decongestant

Question 12

___ is given to control seizures/agitation of cough and cold preparation toxicity

a. benzos
b. physostigmine
c. NS and vasopressors
d. sodium bicarb

Answer 12

a. benzos

Question 13

___ is given to reverse the central and peripheral anticholinergic effects of antihistamines

Answer 13

physostigmine

Question 14

___ is used if there is QRS widening with cough/cold preparation toxicity

Answer 14

sodium bicarb

Question 15

___ is given to treat cardiac dysrhythmias and hypotension associated cough and cold preparations

a. benzos
b. physostigmine
c. NS and vasopressors
d. sodium bicarb

Answer 15

c. NS and vasopressors

Question 16

Cosmetics:

Which is high toxicity?

a. permanent wave neutralizers
b. fingernail polish
c. perfume
d. liquid makeup

Answer 16

a. permanent wave neutralizers

Question 17

Disk shaped button batteries may be come trapped and lead to ___ injury

Answer 17

caustic

esophageal perf or fistula formation

use radiographs of entire respiratory and GI tract to locate

Question 18

Disk shaped button batteries:

Must be removed immediately

a. located in the esophagus
b. located below the esophagus

Answer 18

a. located in the esophagus

located below esophagus = rarely associated with tissue damage, and the course is benign in most cases

Question 19

Disk shaped button batteries

If ___ measure levels of heavy metals

a. symptomatic patients
b. battery has opened
c. a and b

Answer 19

c. a and b

Question 20

___ typically cause local irritation but can lead to more severe Sx including corneal injuries, CNS depression, and respiratory distress

a. soaps
b. detergents

Answer 20

b. detergents

Question 21

Activated charcoal should be used for ___ detergent toxicity

a. anionic
b. cationic
c. nonionic

Answer 21

b. cationic

Question 22

Milk or water should be used for __ detergent toxicity

a. anionic
b. cationic
c. nonionic

Answer 22

a. anionic

d/c
replace fluids and electrolytes
dilute with water or milk

Question 23

Anticonvulsants may be needed with __ detergent toxicity

a. anionic
b. cationic
c. nonionic

Answer 23

b. cationic

Question 24

___ detergents have minimal irritating effect on skin and are almost always nontoxic when swallowed

a. anionic
b. cationic
c. nonionic

Answer 24

c. nonionic

Question 25

What diarrhea drug is toxic in small quantity and can cause delayed toxicity?

Answer 25

diphenoxylate and atropine (Lomotil)

Question 26

What diabetic drug class is toxic in small quantity and can cause delayed toxicity?

Answer 26

sulfonylureas

Question 27

With delayed toxicity admit for observation and monitoring only if symptomatic

a. true
b. false

Answer 27

b. false

even if asymptomatic

symptoms presenting as much as 24hrs after ingestion

Question 28

4 factors that affect poison exposure in pediatrics?

Answer 28

shorter stature
higher minute ventilation
physical immaturity
large BSA to weight ratio