Point 3 Flashcards
What are infectious diseases?
Illnesses caused by the spread of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites) or prions to humans from other humans, animals or the environment, including food and water.
Examples include HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis.
What are the leading causes of death worldwide related to infectious diseases?
Lower respiratory infections and diarrheal diseases ranked among the top 10 causes of death worldwide in 2019.
COVID-19, caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, became a top cause of death in 2020.
What are waterborne diseases?
A sub-category of infectious diseases caused by microorganisms contaminating water.
Common examples include Cholera, Typhoid fever, and Salmonella.
Where are waterborne diseases predominantly found?
Anywhere in the world without safe, accessible water, predominantly in developing countries in Africa.
What is the estimated annual impact of waterborne diseases?
An estimated 2.9 million cases and 95,000 deaths occur each year.
Waterborne diseases cause 7 million illnesses and $3 billion in healthcare costs in the USA.
What are animal transmitted diseases?
Infectious diseases of humans caused by a pathogen that can jump from a non-human to a human and vice versa (Zoonotic).
Causes include close contact with infected animals, consumption of contaminated animal products, and vector-borne transmission.
Where do animal transmitted diseases occur more commonly?
They occur worldwide but are more common in temperate or tropical climate zones.
What percentage of emerging infectious diseases are animal transmitted diseases?
They represent 60% of all emerging infectious diseases that are reported globally.
True or False: Infectious diseases are only caused by bacteria.
False.
They can also be caused by viruses, fungi, parasites, or prions.
Fill in the blank: The most common causes of disease death in the world are __________.
Waterborne diseases.
What is the definition of Animal Invasion?
Is when a species is found beyond its normal distribution threatening environments, largely a result of humans.
This phenomenon often leads to ecological imbalances.
What are the main causes of Animal Invasion?
Changes in habitat, human activities, or the introduction of non-native species.
Human activities often facilitate the spread of invasive species.
In which areas is Animal Invasion commonly prone to occur?
USA, New Zealand, and Australia.
These regions are particularly vulnerable due to various ecological and geographical factors.
What is a notable statistic about the Cane toad in Australia?
Cane toad spawned over 5 million toads spreading throughout North East Australia.
The introduction of this species has had significant ecological impacts.
What was introduced to Australia in 1859 for hunting?
Rabbits.
This introduction has led to severe ecological consequences.
Where can the Yellow crazy ant be found?
In Africa and Asia.
This species is known for its aggressive behavior and impact on local ecosystems.
What is the definition of Chemical Hazard?
A hazardous substance that has potential to cause harm to life or health.
Chemical hazards can arise from various sources, including industrial and environmental contexts.
What causes Chemical Hazards?
Release or exposure to toxic substances, whether through industrial processes, accidents, or improper handling.
Proper safety measures are essential to mitigate these risks.
Where is the distribution of Chemical Hazards most likely to occur?
Anywhere in proximity to places which contain dangerous substances such as power plants, oil tankers or nuclear plants.
Regions with high industrial activity are particularly at risk.
What country has increased risk due to producing various dangerous substances?
China.
The rapid industrialization in China has led to heightened chemical hazards.
How many people died as a result of a chemical hazard in 2019?
2 million people.
This statistic highlights the severe impact of chemical hazards on public health.
How many accidents occurred in the chemical industry in China in 2021?
112 accidents causing 150 deaths.
These incidents underscore the ongoing risks associated with chemical production.
